ANALYSIS, REFINING, AND COMPOSITION. 



59 



which was examined by Schimmel & Co., 1 who identified the follow- 

 ing bodies : 



a-pinene, (3-pinene (nopinene), camphene, limonene, dipentene, 

 cineol, fenchyl alcohol, camphor, borneol, methyl chavicol, and a- 

 terpineol. The first six of these, because of their low boiling points 

 (all below 177 C.), are to be considered as normal constituents of the 

 refined turnpentine 2 which, however, occurred in the " pine oil " on 

 account of incomplete separation in the refining. 



160 165" 170* 175 160 185' 190 195' 

 0.86 7 .88 .89 .90 .91 .92 .93 

 9 L464 WTO 1472 U74 \A7b L476 LA80 



FIG. 53. Boiling point, specific 

 gravity, and index of refraction 

 curves for the turpentine obtained 

 from crude No. 5 analyzed after 

 10 months. 



160* 165 170 175 160 185 190" 195 

 O&6 .87 .88 .89 .90 .91 .92 .93 

 Q U68 U70 1472 U74 1476 L478 WflO 



FIG. 54. Boiling point, specific 

 gravity, and index of refraction 

 curves for turpentine obtained 

 from crude No. 5 after redis- 

 tillation. 



The last five constituents have boiling points above 200 C. and 

 may be considered as normal constituents of " pine oil " although, 



1 Semiannual Reports, Schimmel & Co., April, 1910, p. 100. 



2 With the exception of limonene and cineol, these low boiling constituents have been 

 indicated as probable constituents of wood turpentine by the distillation curves. Because 

 of the similarity between the two substances limonene could not be distinguished from 

 dipentine by its effect on the distillation curves. Therefore limonene might have been 

 present in any of the wood turpentines which contained dipentene. Cineol, however, has 

 a considerably higher gravity (0.930) and a lower index of refraction (1.458) than 

 dipentine and a boiling point (176 to 177 C.) which is near enough to that of dipen- 

 tene so that the two would occur in the same fractions. It is possible, therefore, that 

 very large quantities of cineol could not have been present in those turpentines whose 

 distillation curves show a decreasing gravity and increasing index of refraction between 

 170 and 180. 



