10 



K'r'-H 



FIG. 5. Working drawing of dephleg- 



mator. 

 [Cir. 152] 



is the flask which holds the turpentine 

 to be analyzed. It is supported in a 

 manner to permit its removal without 

 disturbing the rest of the apparatus. F 

 is the steam boiler, which is provided 

 with a glass safety tube H, and in which 

 the steam for the distillation is gen- 

 erated. The delivery tube through which 

 the steam is conveyed passes through the 

 cork at the mouth of the flask A and 

 extends nearly to the bottom. 



The temperature of the escaping va- 

 pors is read by means of the thermome- 

 ter C, which is graduated to tenths of a 

 degree centigrade. G is a separatory 

 funnel arranged to permit water to drop 

 slowly into the top of the dephlegmator, 

 B. D is the condenser. E is a cylinder 

 of 100 c. c. capacity for collecting the 

 distillate. About fifteen of these cylin- 

 ders are ordinarily used in each analy- 

 sis. Ordinary cork stoppers are used 

 to make the connections. 



The still head is the most important 

 part of the apparatus, since here the 

 fractionation is carried on. Several forms 

 were tried, but the one shown in the 

 figure proved to be the most satisfac- 

 tory. Figure 5 is a working drawing of 

 the device. The foundation is an ordi- 

 nary soft glass tube, 11-inch bore, pro- 

 vided at regular intervals with constric- 

 tions of different diameters, the smallest 

 being at the bottom and the largest at 

 the top. Traps were made by inserting 

 into these constrictions small glass U 

 tubes of different lengths and supporting 

 them by brass wire-gauze collars. These 

 tubes are inserted in order to facilitate 

 the reflow of the condensed vapors to 

 the flask below. They are made in the 

 form of traps so that the uprising va- 

 pors will be forced through the meshes 

 and between the coils of the gauze col- 



