BULLETIN 229, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



TABLE 7. Exports of spirits of turpentine and turpentine and rosin by decimal years, 



1860-1 900 Continued . 



NOTE. The exports of turpentine and rosin from a State bear no relation to the amounts actually pro 

 duced within the State, but to the possession of shipping centers for the naval stores trade. 



COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION OF PRODUCTS. 



TURPENTINE. 



Paints and varnishes. The greater portion of the turpentine pro- 

 duced finds its way into paints and varnishes. The three main classes 

 of varnishes are spirit varnishes, linseed-oil varnishes, and turpentine 

 varnishes. The turpentine varnishes are made by dissolving resins, 

 such as amber, copal, etc., in hot turpentine and are tough and flex- 

 ible. Linseed-oil varnishes are often diluted with turpentine. 



Turpentine is used hi paints and varnishes chiefly as a thinner, of 

 which the properties demanded are solvent action, oxidizing power, 

 penetration, and proper evaporation. 



Print goods. Turpentine finds an important use in the manufac- 

 ture of cotton and woolen print goods in preventing "bleeding," or 

 running together of colors, where several colors are printed at the 

 same time. It also prevents the color from penetrating the fabric, 

 which is particularly important in the case of woolen goods if uneven- 

 ness of the material is to be avoided. 



Camphor. Many attempts have been made to produce camphor 

 from turpentine on a commercial scale, but so far none has been 

 entirely successful. However, terpineol, terpin hydrate, and similar 

 bodies are manufactured from turpentine in considerable quantities. 

 ! Rubber industry. Turpentine is important as a solvent for rubber, 

 caoutchouc, and similar substances. 



