THE NAVAL STORES INDUSTRY. 



45 



TABLE 19. Yields of California western yellow pine, by months (crop of 300 cups, chipped 



28 times). 



The average flow per cup per week in the California experiments 

 for a season of 29 weeks was somewhat greater than in the Florida 

 experiments recorded in Table 18 for the same period of time. The 

 California yield is also slightly greater when the production for the 

 entire season is compared. 



The composition of the volatile oil obtained by distilling the gum 

 from the California trees differs from that of ordinary turpentine 

 somewhat more than does the Arizona turpentine, but the oil prob- 

 ably will be satisfactory for industrial purposes. The yield from 

 western yellow pine in northeastern Oregon was very small compared 

 with that in California. This can be attributed in part to the unusu- 

 ally adverse climatic conditions during the season, but it is not likely 

 that more favorable weather conditions would increase the yield 

 enough to make turpentining in that region a profitable industry. 



Jeffrey pine in California yielded only 61.5 per cent as much as 

 western yellow pine farther south during the same period. The prin- 

 cipal constituent of the oleoresin from Jeffrey pine is heptane, which 

 can not be used as turpentine, but has been employed to some extent 

 for medical purposes. Digger, pinon, lodgepole pine, and sugar pine 

 in California were found to yield such small amounts of oleoresin 

 that it would be impracticable to tap them on a commercial scale 

 unless the particular oil they produce could be made to bring a high 

 price for some special purpose. 



Pinon pine (Pinus edulis) in Colorado had a rate of flow slightly 

 over one-half that of the Florida pines for a 20-weeks' period, from 

 June 9 to October 31. The volatile oil from the pinon gum differs 

 somewhat from ordinary turpentine, but is probably suited for indus- 

 trial use. 



PROBLEMS OF COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 



In considering the possibilities of commercial turpentine opera- 

 tions on western pines the problem of labor is one of the first that 

 presents itself. In Arizona the Mexicans, who constitute a large part 

 of the laboring class, are totally unfamiliar with turpentine work. 

 Negro turpentine hands could be brought in from the Southeast, but 



