8 



sheet which is closed by a horizontal flap (upper button) . An ejector- 

 valve L, represented in the upper part of the diagram, regulates the 

 discharge of the circular burner C. Below the latter a white enam- 

 eled disk of iron plate serves as a heat reflector. Nos. 2 and 3 are 

 other forms of stoves which do not need any particular description. 

 Another form of stove is shown in fig. 5. This is a stove supplied 

 by three circular burners, which are shown in the cross-section draw- 



FIG. 5. Alcohol stove with three circular burners. 



ing. A double circulation of the products of combustion causes 

 them to become separated and pass off thru a stovepipe at a rela- 

 tively low temperature after having heated the air of the room as 

 well as the vaporizer placed in the upper part of the apparatus. 



ALCOHOL LAMPS. 



Alcohol, as will be seen from the previous discussion respecting 

 the alcohol stove, can not be used directly for illuminating purposes. 

 The flame does not possess any notable illuminating power. In 

 order that alcohol may be used for illumination it must be burned 

 in a state of gas and the heat produced by the combustion utilized to 

 produce incandescence in the ordinary mantle which surrounds the 

 common gas flame for the same purpose. It has been discovered that 

 when certain earths, such as thoria, in a state of fine subdivision, are 

 subjected to the action of a high temperature, they become intensely 

 white and produce by their incandescence the maximum degree of 



