CONTENTS. 



Page. 



I nt nxluction 5 



Sugar maples 6 



The sugar maple 6 



The black maple 8 



The red maple 8 



The silver maple 9 



The Oregon maple 9 



Sugar groves 9 



General considerations 9 



The improvement of a dense mature grove 11 



The improvement of an open mature grove 11 



The improvement of a dense young grove 12 



The management of a sapling thicket 14 



Situation of a sugar grove 16 



Planting a sugar grove 17 



The preparation for opening 



Tupping the trees 18 



Location and character of tap hole 18 



Size of hole 18 



X umber of tap holes to a tree 19 



Time for tapping 19 



Apparatus used in the maple industry 20 



Spouts 20 



( Sap buckets 21 



Covers 23 



Gathering pails 



Hauling tanks 24 



Boiling houses 25 



Evaporation apparatus 27 



Sugaring-off apparatus 29 



Maple sap 30 



Process of manufacture of maple sirup '. 32 



Concentration of sap 32 



Cleansing and straining 33 



Determination of finishing point. 34 



Canning and storage 37 



Crystallization 37 



Manufacture of sugar from maple sirup 38 



Sugaring-off 38 



Molding 40 



Grained or stirred sugar 40 



Storage of maple sugar 40 



Economic considerations 40 



( 'are of apparatus 40 



Yields 41 



Cost of manufacture and selling price 42 



Farmers' associations 43 



Accessories to manufacture 43 



Fuel 43 



Labels 43 



Paint 44 



Statistics of the maple sugar and sirup industry of the United States 44 



516 3 



