Order n. Violacece. 19 



India belong. lonidium. Sepals subequal. Lower petal larger 

 than the others, clawed, saccate or spurred at the base : stigma 

 oblique, capsule roundish. I. suffruticosum (7. enneaspermum and 

 I. hexaspermum, D.). Six to twelve inches high, very variable, 

 leaves narrow, flowers pink or red. S. Konkan and Belgaum (D.). 

 Ratanbaras. 



ORDER 12. BIXINEJE. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves, flowers regular, sepals 

 and petals 4 or 5, the latter sometimes wanting, capsule 3 to 5 

 valved. 



This is a tropical order, not very easy to describe, and the genera 

 here given differ very much from one another. Those with many 

 stamens are said to bear some relation to Capparidese and Tiliaceae, 

 those with few to Violaceae. See also Samydaoese. 



1. COCHLEOSPERMUM. Stamens many on a disk, ovary round, 

 stigma toothed, seeds cochleate, i.e. twisted like a snail-shell. 



2. FLACOURTIA. Trees of small size and little beauty, 

 flowers small without petals, stamens many, ovary seated on a 

 glandular disk, fruit indehiscent. 



3. HYDNOCARPUS. Flowers dioecious, sepals 5, free, petals 5 

 with a scale opposite each, stamens 5 to 8, stigmas 3 to 6, large 

 and lobed, berry round. 



1, COCHLEOSPERMUJT. 



(7. Gossypium A fine tree with smooth bark; leaves acutely 

 lobed, flowers large and handsome, bright yellow at the end of 

 the branches, capsule oblong, with 5 lobes and valves, full of 

 silky cotton. Gadbi, galgal, galeri, gunglai. 



Not in D. Khandesh and Satpura jungles, Q. The flowers appear 

 when the tree is bare. It has a strong general resemblance to the 

 silk cotton tree, and was considered a Bombax by R. 



"I found trees of Cochleospermnm, whose curious thick branches 

 spread out somewhat awkwardly, each tipped with a cluster of gold 

 and yellow flowers, as large as the palm of the hand, and very beautiful : 

 it is a tropical gum cistus in the appearance and texture of the 

 petals and their frail nature. The bark abounds in a transparent 

 gum, of which the white ants seem fond, for they had killed many 

 trees." Hooker's Himalayan Journals. 



2. FLACOURTIA. 



Note. H. says that the species of this genus are excessively vari- 

 able, and hard to distinguish, and no one who compares a number of 

 specimens will doubt that this is so. The flowers of all are small, 

 green, and few together, the stam3ns being the most conspicuous 

 part. 



1. F. Montana. A thorny tree, leaves smooth, hard, oval, 



C 2 



