COMPOUND FLOWERS. 325 



angular, furrowed, abrupt, with a toothed margin at the 

 top ; pappus bristly, sessile, not white. (Name from 

 the Greek, hierax, a hawk, because that bird was sup- 

 posed to use the plant to strengthen its sight.) 



11. LEONTODON (Dandelion). Involucre imbricated 

 with numerous scales, the outermost of which are loose, 

 and often reflexed ; receptacle dotted ; fruit slightly 

 flattened, rough, bearing a long and very slender beak ; 

 pappus hairy. (Name from the Greek, leon, a lion, and 

 odous, odontos, a tooth, from the tooth-like lobes of the 

 leaves.) 



12. LAPSANA (Nipple- wort). Involucre a single row 

 of erect scales, with 4 5 small ones at the base, con- 

 taining but few flowers ; receptacle naked ; fruit flat- 

 tened, furrowed ; pappus 0. (Name of Greek origin. ) 



1 3. CICHORIUM (Chicory). Involucre in 2 rows, inner 

 of 8 scales, which bend back after flowering ; outer of 

 5 smaller loose scales ; receptacle naked, or slightly 

 hairy ; fruit thick above, tapering downwards ; pappus 

 a double row of small chaffy scales. (Name of Arabic 

 origin.) 



II. CYNAROC^PHAL^:. Thistle Group. 



14. ARCTIUM (Burdock). Involucre globose, scales 

 ending in hooked points ; receptacle chaffy ; fruit oblong, 

 4-sided; pappus short. (Name from the Greek arctos, 

 a bear, from the roughness of the heads of flowers.) 



15. SERRATULA (Saw-wort). Stamens and pistils on 

 different plants ; involucre imbricated, scales not prickly ; 

 receptacle chaffy or bristly ; fruit flattened, not beaked ; 

 pappus hairy. (Name from the Latin serrula, a little 

 saw, the leaves being finely serrated.) 



16. SAUSSUREA. Involucre imbricated, scales not 

 prickly ; anthers bristly at the base ; receptacle chaffy ; 

 pappus double, outer bristly, inner longer, feathery. 

 (Named in honour of the two Saussures, eminent 

 botanists.) 



