326 COMPOSITE. 



17. CARDUUS (Thistle). Involucre swollen below, 

 imbricated with thorn-like scales ; receptacle bristly ; 

 pappus hairy, united by a ring at the base, and soon 

 falling off. (The Latin name of the plant.) 



18. CNICUS (Plume-Thistle). Eesembling Carduus, 

 except that the pappus is feathery. (Name from the 

 Greek cnizo, to prick.) 



19. , ONOPORDUM (Cotton-Thistle). Receptacle honey- 

 combed ; fruit 4-angled ; pappus hairy, rough ; in 

 other respects resembling Carduus. (Name of Greek 

 origin.) 



20. CARLINA (Carline-Thistle). Eesembling Cnicus, 

 except that the inner scales of the involucre are chaffy 

 and coloured, and spread like a ray. (Name, the same 

 as Carolina, from a tradition that the root of one species, 

 C. acaulis, was shown by an angel to Charlemagne as a 

 remedy for the plague which prevailed in his army.) 



21. CENTAUR^ A (Knapweed, Blue-bottle, &c.) Invo- 

 lucre imbricated ; receptacle bristly ; pappus hairy, or 

 ; outer florets large, irregular, destitute of stamens 

 and pistils. (Name from the Centaur Chiron, who is 

 fabled to have healed wounds with it.) 



III. TUBIFLOR^E. Tansy Group. 



22. BIDENS (Bur- Marigold). Fruit crowned with 2 

 or 3 erect rigid bristles, which are rough with minute 

 teeth pointing downwards. (Name from the Latin 

 bis, double, and dens, a tooth, from the structure of the 

 fruit.) 



23. EUPATORIUM (Hemp- Agrimony). Heads few 

 flowered ; involucre imbricated, oblong ; receptacle 

 naked ; styles much longer them the florets. (Name 

 from Mithriddtes Eupator, who is. said to have brought 

 the plant into use.) 



24. CHRYSOCOMA (Goldylocks). Involucre a single 

 row of loosely spreading scales ; receptacle honey-combed ; 



