180 



THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 



stone, and containing the roots and rootlets of these plants in their 

 natural position, we can infer, 1st, that such beds must once have been 



Fig. 30. — Stem, Leaf-scars, and Stigmaria Boots of Sigillaria — South Joggins. 



(") (b) 



(d) 



(a) Sigillaria Brownii— Stem reduced. 



(b) Portion, natural size, near the top. 



(c) Do. do., near the base. 



(d) Portion of Stigmaria root, natural size, with scars of rootlets. 



in a very soft condition ; Idly, that the roots found in them were not 

 drifted, but grew in their present positions ; in short, that these 

 ancient roots are in similar circumstances with those of the recent 

 trees that underlie the Amherst marshes. In corroboration of this, 

 we shall find, in farther examination of this section, that while some 



