224 



CHAPTER XIV. 



THE CAKBONIFEKOUS SYSTEM— Continued. 



CARBONIFEROUS DISTRICT OF NEW BRUNSWICK GENERAL OBSERVA- 

 TIONS STRUCTURE OF THE COAL-FIELD LOWER CARBONIFEROUS 



ROCKS FOSSILS USEFUL MINERALS. 



The coal measures of the Joggins, dipping to the south-west, extend 

 in the direction of their strike across Chiegnecto Bay to Cape Meran- 

 guin and the North Joggins, where the gray and red sandstones of 

 the Millstone-grit and lower portion of the Coal measures are well seen 

 on the coast, dipping S. 10° W. at an angle of 45°. On tracing these 

 beds a little to the northward, they become vertical and dip to the 

 north, forming an anticlinal. This anticlinal appears to extend to the 

 north-westward up the bay, for at Fort Cumberland the first rocks 

 that we see on entering New Brunswick are coarse gray sandstones 

 dipping to the northward. This dip continues as far as the east side 

 of the Petitcodiac River, where the highest beds are seen at the ferry 

 below Dorchester. They are gray sandstones, with Calamites, Stern- 

 bergia, and trunks of coniferous trees ; and beneath them, extending 

 along the coast to the southward, is a great series consisting principally 

 of reddish beds. I have no doubt that the whole of these beds belong 

 to the older part of the Coal formation. Nothing newer is seen in 

 this neighbourhood ; for at Dorchester and Fort Folly Point, and at 

 Hopewell, on the opposite side of the ferry, the same gray sandstones 

 reappear with southerly dips, and with fossils of the same species. 

 The dip varies from S. S.E. to S.E. If we follow this series in 

 descending order to the northward, up the Memramcook River, we 

 soon come to conglomerate, limestone, and thin-bedded bituminous 

 and calcareous shales, all belonging to the Lower Carboniferous series. 

 On the west side of the Petitcodiac, we find a similar descending series 

 toward the great metamorphic band ending in Shepody Mountain, 

 and which consists of rocks older than the Carboniferous system. 

 The order of succession seen here is as follows, though there may be 

 important omissions in the list, as the sections are not continuous : — 





