1 



i ill. POST-PLKM i.m:. 



months has no lateral motion; it rises and Palls with the tide, bat is 

 unaffected by winds until the warmth of spring softens its hold "ii the 



islands to which it is keyed. When the pans are pi on the 



coast by winds, they accommodate themselves to all the sinn 

 of the shore line, and being pushed by the unfailing Arctic ourr at, 

 which brings down a constant supply of floe ice, the pans rise "\cr 

 all the low-lying parts of the islands, grinding and polishing BXp 

 shores, and rasping those that are steep-to. The pans are shoved 

 over the flat surfaces of the islands, and remove with irresistible t 

 every ob tacle which opposes their thrust, for the attacks arc con- 

 stantly renewed hy the ceaseless ice-stream from the north-west, and 

 this goes on uninterruptedly for a month or mure. Sometime! 

 change in the wind brings the endless sheet hack again, and it i.s the 

 middle of duly before some of the fiords arc char of ice. Hence 

 boulders, shingle, and beaches are rarely seen except in sheltered 

 nooks and coves, and the masses, pushed or torn from those surfaces 

 where cleavage offers a chance of disruption, arc urged into the Bea 

 and rounded into boulder form by the rasping and polishing pans." 



"Here too goes on the process, subsequently referred to, of manu- 

 facturing boulder clay, for the deep hollows and ravines at present 

 under the sea — the records of former glacial work — arc being filled 

 with clay, sand, unworn and worn rock fragments, producing a 

 counterpart of some varieties of boulder clay." 



" But this is not all of the work of pan ice. The bottom of tie 

 to the depth of 12 or 15 feet, and at all less depths, is smoothed and 

 planed by the drifting masses when they pile one on the other, and 

 at depths less than 8 feet when the pans are driven before the wind 

 or carried by the currents. In sailing from Aillik to Nain or to Cape 

 Mugford, the fishermen send a man aloft to look out for "White 

 Rocks." These are prominences or swells in the general level of the 

 sea-bottom among the islands, from which every particle of sea-we< d 

 has been removed by pan ice." 



"During a period of subsidence, the blocks of stone, boulders, 

 mud, and sand, pushed to and fro on the shallow Bea-bottom by pan 

 ice, ultimately accumulate in hollows and ravines below its action; 

 and when the debris is pushed into profound submarine valleys, such 

 as exist on the Labrador coast (being probably due to former glacial 

 action), the mass will resemble boulder clays, and in a sinking 

 marine area it will accumulate to a great thickness; in a rising area 

 it would be liable to be remodelled by th • action of the waves 

 in the case of very deep valleys. There are not many known narrow 

 and profound submarine valleys on the north-eastern coasl of Labia- 



