48 THE CARBONIFEROUS. 



(Logan, Geol. Survey of Canada, 1815; Acadian Geology, p. 

 176.) 



On the south side of the Cumberland Coal-field, the Lower Carboni- 

 ferous beds appear to return to the type of the Bonaventure formation, 

 and to consist principally of conglomerate and sandstone not rich in 

 fossil plants, and these principally of the Millstone-grit horizon. 



Crossing the ancient metamorphic ridge of the Cobequids, we find 

 on their southern flanks conglomerates representing the lowest 

 Carboniferous rocks. Above these there is a slender development of 

 the marine limestones and a great thickness of hard sandstones and 

 shales, representing the Millstone-grit and perhaps the lower part of 

 the Middle Coal formation. These rocks form a long belt extending 

 from Cape Chiegnecto till it unites with the Pictou Coal-field on the 

 eastward. Their general arrangement appears to be that of a narrow 

 trough much broken by faults. They afford a good representation of 

 the flora of the Millstone-grit. (Acadian Geology, p. 263 et seq.) 



On the south side of Minas Basin and Cobequid Bay a very wide 

 area is occupied by Lower Carboniferous rocks ; and at the cliff of 

 Horton Bluff, and other places in its vicinity, these beds, which, from 

 their large development in this locality, may be named the Horton 

 series, are very well exposed, and contain abundance of their charac- 

 teristic fossils. For their detailed description I may refer to my 

 paper of 1858, Journal of Geol. Society, vol. xv., p. 63. (See 

 also Acadian Geology, p. 252.) 



Similar rocks are seen and have been described by the author near 

 Windsor, at Walton and Noel, and at Five Mile River on the Shube- 

 nacadie, in all these places rising up from under the Lower Carboni- 

 ferous limestones. (Journal of Geol. Society, vol. iv. p. 59, vol. 

 vii. p. 335 ; Acadian Geology.) 



Further east, on the Salmon River, and on the West, Middle, and 

 East Rivers of Pictou, there is a great development of rocks of the 

 Millstone-grit series, consisting largely of chocolate sandstones and 

 shales, often very hard, and with bands of gray and dark-coloured 

 beds holding plants. In this region the marine limestones extend 

 upward into the Millstone-grit, so that it is difficult to establish any 

 distinct line of separation, and the Lower Carboniferous Coal measures 

 seem to be absent. (Journal of Geol. Society, vol. i. p. 26, 1843; 

 Logan and Hartley, Reports on Pictou Coal-field, 1869; Acadian 

 Geology, p. 316 et seq.) 



In the Pictou Coal-field there are certain hard sandstones holding 

 obscure fossil plants, which come up from beneath the Millstone-grit 

 on the Middle River, and which I have regarded as Devonian. It is, 



