THE CARBONIFEROUS. 



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have belonged to trunks of advanced structure allied to that of 

 conifers, and to have been gymnospermous plants. This gives them 

 a higher position in the vegetable kingdom than that assigned to them 

 in Acadian Geology, unless, indeed, there may be two groups 

 included in this genus, the one lycopodiaceous, the other gynmo- 

 spermous. 



Among the new insects described by Mr Scudder (Figs. 6 to 8), that 

 ■which he has named Libellula Carbonaria, and which was found by Mr 

 A. J. Hill at the Cossit's Pit,- near Sydney, C.B., is of especial in- 

 terest as being the first known example of a Carboniferous dragon-fly 

 (Fig. 8). This place, Cossit's Pit, is of especial interest, because it 

 has afforded to Mr Hill a rich and varied flora, containing forms not 

 yet described, and some species characteristic of the Upper Coal for- 

 mation, while the horizon of this coal is believed to be in the lower 

 part of the Middle Coal formation, or even in the Millstone-grit. 



In my paper on Fossil Footprints,* I described from the Car- 

 boniferous rocks tracks referable to Proticlmites, and which I regard 

 as belonging to species of limulus, or horse-shoe crab, a genus 

 which, though elsewhere known in the Carboniferous, has not been 

 found in Nova Scotia, unless represented by these tracks. Other 

 markings on the Carboniferous beds are impressions of worms, refer- 

 able to the genus Arenicolites, and of crustaceans (trilobites or their 

 allies) referred to genus Rusiclmites. A very peculiar and anomalous 

 form of large size was placed in the new genus Diplichnites, and the 

 genus Rabdichnites was established to contain some markings 

 resembling the so-called Eophyton of the Cambrian rocks, and pro- 

 bably of similar nature. Illustrations of these are given in Fig. 9. 



_. „ „ . The curious fossil figured in Fig. 10, the 



Fig. 10. — Carapace of » • r n , 



Aitihracopalcemm (fa- carapace or body shield ot a species ot ralceo- 



-ZSS m l ' carabus, was found by Mr A. J. Hill at the 

 South Joggins, and is the first of the higher or 

 decapod crustaceans found in our Coal forma- 

 tion. Very similar species occur in the Coal- 

 fields of Great Britain and Illinois. It has been 

 described in the Geological Magazine. -J- 



The sole species of myriapod recognised by 

 me in the original discovery of these animals at 

 the Joggins was Xylobius Sigillarioi ; but when 

 a large number of fragments had accumulated 

 in my collection, suggesting diversity of species, 

 I placed the whole in the hands of Mr S. H. Scudder, our best 

 * Silliman's Journal, January 1873. t February 1877. 



