102 VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



plants." The Classes and Orders have been named as Latin adjectives in the 

 feminine plural, to agree with plantse (plants), which is said to be always un- 

 derstood. Thus from Equisetum, by prolonging the termination into acece, we 

 have Equisetacese ; from Filices, Filicaceae, etc. 



The Equisetacese are either cellular or vascular flowerless plants, producing 

 spores instead of seeds. The Palaeozoic fossils are all referred to one Order, the 

 Calamarise. The genera are as follows : Anarthrocanna, Annularia, Arthrostigma, 

 Asterophyllites, Bechera, Bornia, Calamites, Calamodendron, Calamostachys, Equi- 

 setites, Macrostachya, Nematophyllum, Sphenophyllum, Volkmannia. 



The Filicaceae, or ferns, are too common among existing plants to have escaped 

 the notice of any one. The Palaeozoic ferns are divided into Orders as follows : 



i. Order, Neuropteride^. 

 Cyclopteris, Dictyopteris, Lesleya, Neuropteris, Odontopteris. 



uncertain relation to the order. 



Baiera, Cardiopteris, Danaeites, Idiophyllum, Megalopteris, Neriopteris, Orthogoni- 



opteris, Taeniopteris. 



2. Order Alethopteride^e. 

 Alethopteris, Callipteridium, Callipteris, Lescuropteris, Protoblechnum. 



3. Order, Pseudopecopteride^e. 

 Pseudopecopteris. 



4. Order, Pecopteride^e. 

 Beinertia, Cymoglossa, Lonchopteris, Oligocarpia, Pecopteris, Phyllopteris. 



5. Order, Sphenopteride^e. 

 Eremopteris, Hymenophyllites, Sphenopteris. 



6. Order, Adiantites. 



Aneimites, Archaeopteris, Triphyllopteris. 



FERNS OF UNCERTAIN AFFINITY. 



Asteropteris, Crematopteris, Pachypteris, Rhacophyllum. 



SEPARATE FRUCTIFICATION OF FERNS. 



Sorocladus. 



RACHIS OF FERNS. 



Rhachiopteris. 



RHIZOMA OF FERNS. 



Stigmarioides. 



STEMS OR TRUNKS OF FERNS. 

 Caulopteris, Megaphytum, Psaronius, Stemmatopteris. 



