ANT.] 



PROTOZOA. 



153 



into a calcareous fossil, the spiculse will disappear in the coarser lime materials. A 

 possible exception might exist if, in the process of change, the interior of the sponge 

 were converted into calcspar. The spiculae, therefore, are of importance in the de- 

 termination of genera and species among Palaeozoic sponges, only when silicified 

 specimens can be obtained. 



The arrangement of the Palaeozoic sponges into families is as follows : 



Family Anthaspldellid.e. — Anthaspidella, Climacospongia, Edriospongia, 



Strep tosolen, Zittelella. 

 Family Arch^eocyathid^;. — Archaeocyathus, Ethmophyllum. 

 F amil y AstPwEOSpongid^e. — Astraeospongia. 

 Family Astylospongid;e. — Astylospongia, Aulocopina, Calathium, Conop- 



terium, Cyathospongia, Eospongia, Palaeomanon, Palaeospongia, Trachyum, 



Trichospongia. 

 Family Beatricixwe. — Beatricea. 



Family Brachiospongldje. — Brachiospongia, Chirospongia. 

 Family Dictyospongld^e. — Cleodictya, Cyathophycus, Dictyophyton, Ec- 



tenodictya, Lyriodictya, Phragmodictya, Physospongia, Protospongia, 



Rauffella, Rhombodictyon, Thamnodictya, Uphantaenia. 

 Family Dystactosponghxe. — Dystactospongia, Heterospongia, Saccospongia. 

 Family Leptonitid^e. — Leptonitus. 

 Family Microspongid^. — Hindia, Microspongia. 

 Family Palteacid^. — Palaeacis. 

 Family Pasceolld^e. — Pasceolus. 

 Family Pattersoniltxe. — Pattersonia. 

 Family Pharetrones. — Batospongia, Camarocladia, Cylindrocoelia, Strep to- 



spongia. 

 Family Receptaculitid^. — Cerionites, Receptaculites. 

 Family Stroma toporld^e. — Caunopora, Ccenostroma, Cryptozoon, Dictyo- 



stroma, Megastroma, Strephochetus, Stromatocerium, Stromatopora, Sy- 



ringostroma. 

 Family affinity uncertain. — Astroconia, Fungispongia, Lepidolites, Lep- 



tomitus. 



Anthaspidella, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) 

 Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 256. [Ety. 

 anthos, flower ; aspis, shield ; ellus, di- 

 minutive.] Saucer or funnel-shaped, 

 supported by a short, subcylindrical 

 stem ; inosculating, radiating channels 

 numerous, and those on the upper sur- 

 face form radical canals that pass 

 through the sponge-wall, and open into 

 the channels of the lower surface ; 

 radiating canals closely arranged in ver- 

 tical series, separated by vertical sheets 

 of spicules ; oscula on the upper sur- 

 face ; spicules bifid at each end, the 

 bifurcations directed nearly at right an- 

 gle, and slightly curving, and so ar- 

 ranged as to leave minute canals of tri- 

 angular, quadrate, or polygonal form ; 

 surface sometimes covered with a der- 

 mal layer. Type A. mammulata. 



fenestrata, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) 

 Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 264. Trenton Gr. 



firma, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) Geo. 

 Sur. 111., vol. 8, p, 263, Trenton Gr. 



florifera, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) Geo. 

 Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 259, Trenton Gr. 



grandis, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) Geo. 

 Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 262, Trenton Gr. 



magnifica, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) 

 Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 265, Tren- 

 ton Gr. 



mammulata, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) 

 Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 258, Trenton Gr. 



obliqua, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) Geo. 

 Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 265, Trenton Gr. 



parvistellata, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) 

 Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 260, Tren- 

 ton Gr. 



scutula, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) Geo. 

 Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 261, Trenton Gr. 



