CRA.] 



BRACHIOPODA. 



341 



concava, Hall, 1857, (Leptocoelia concava,) 

 10th Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 



f». 550.— Ccelospira concava. Magnified view 

 of spirals. 



107, and Pal. N. Y., 

 niferous Gr. 



Fig. 551. — Ccelospira dis- 

 parilis. Dorsal and 

 ventral views. 



vol. 3, p. 245, Cor- 



dichotoma, Hall, 

 1859, (Leptocoelia 

 dichotoma,) Pal. 

 N. Y., vol. 3, p. 

 452, Oriskany 

 sandstone. 



disparilis, Hall, 

 1852, ( A t r y p a 



Y., vol. 2, p. 277. 



disparilis,) Pal. N. 

 Niagara Gr. 

 Crania, Retzius, 1781, Schriftender Berliner 

 Gesellschaft Naturforschende Freund, 

 vol. 2, p. 72. [Ety. kranion, the upper 

 part of a skull.] Shell circular, subquad- 

 rate, transverse, or elongated, attached 

 by its ventral valve to some foreign 

 object ; upper or dorsal valve more or 

 less convex or conical ; apex central 

 or subcentral ; surface smooth, spiny, 

 radiated, or concentrically lined, and 

 not unfrequently having the markings 

 of the object to which the lower valve 

 is attached ; no articulating hinge or 

 ligament, but valves held in place by 

 four muscles ; anterior adductor scars 

 approximate and close to the center; 

 posterior pair near the cardinal edge, 

 and widely separated; structure calca- 

 reous and tubular. Type C. bratten- 

 burgensis. 



Fig. 552 — Crania anomala, 2 diam. a, Anterior 

 posterior adductors ; c, protractor sliding muscles 

 muscle ; r, o, retractor sliding muscles. 



acadiensis, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. and Geo., 



vol. 5, p. 144, Up. 80. 

 anna, Spencer, 1884, Bull. No. 1, Mus. 



Univ. St. Mo., p. 57, Niagara Gr. 

 aurora, Hall, 1863, 16th Rep. N. Y. St. 



Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 30, Schoharie Grit. 



23 



bella, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2, p. 



15, passage beds between Up. Sil. and 



Devonian, 

 bordeni, Hall & Whitfield, 1872, 24th 



Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 187, 



Up. Held. Gr. 

 carbonaria, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New 



Spec. Foss., from Ohio, p. 229, Coal 



Meas. 

 corrugata, Hall, 1843, (Orbicula corruga- 



tus,) Geo. Rep. N. Y., p. 109, Nia- 

 gara Gr. 

 crenistriata, Hall, 1860, 13th Rep. N. Y. 



St. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 78, and Pal. N. Y., 



vol. 4, p. 28, Ham. Gr. 

 deformata, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula deform- 



ata,) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, p. 23, Chazy Gr. 



Is it a Crania? 

 dentata, Ringueberg, 1886, Bull. Buf. Soc. 



Nat. Sci., vol. 5, p. 16, Niagara Gr. 

 dyeri, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar. 



Jour. Sci., vol. 2, p. 13, Hud. 



Riv. Gr. 

 eccentrica, Emmons, 1856, (Orbic- crama 



ula eccentrica,) Am. Geol., p. dyeri. 



112, Up. Taconic. 

 famelica, Hall & Whitfield, 1873, 23d Rep. 



N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 236, Che- 

 mung Gr. 

 gracilis, Ringueberg, 1886, Bull. Buf. Soc. 



Nat. Sci., vol. 5, p. 17, Niagara Gr. 

 granulosa, Winchell, 1880, 8th Rep. Geo. 



Sur. Minn., p. 63, Trenton Gr. 

 gregaria, Hall, 1863, 16th Rep. N. Y. St. 



Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 31, Ham. Gr. 

 hamiltoake, Hall, 1860, 13th Rep. N. Y. 



St. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 77, and Pal. 



N. Y., vol. 4, p. 27, Ham. Gr. 

 lama, Hall, 1866, 24th Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 



Nat. Hist., p. 220, Hud. Riv. Gr. 

 leoni, Hall, 1860, 13th Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 



Nat. Hist., p. 78, and Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, 



p. 30, Chemung Gr. 

 modesta, White & St. John, 1868, Trans. 



Chi. Acad. Sci., p. 118, 



Up. Coal Meas. 

 multipunctata, S. A. Miller, 



1875, Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., _ 



vnl 9 n 13 Fig. 654,-Cra- 

 VOl. /, p. .16, nia muUi . 



Hud. Riv. punctata. 

 Gr. 

 pannosa, Ringueberg, 1886, 

 Bull. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 

 vol. 5, p. 17, Niagara Gr. 

 parallella, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. 

 Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 

 1, p. 98, Hud. Riv. Gr. 

 percarinata, Ulrich, 1878, 

 Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist, 

 vol. 1, p. 98, Hud. Riv. 

 Gr. 

 permiana, Shumard, 1859, 

 Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 

 vol. 1, p. 395, Permian Gr. 

 prima, Owen, 1852, (Orbicula prima,) 

 Geo. Sur. Iowa, Wis., and Minn., p. 583, 

 Potsdam Gr. 

 radicans, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen- 

 insula Mich., p. 92, Ham. Gr. 



§ 



adductors ; a 

 ; 6, cardinal 



