I,EP. — OES.] 



BATRACHIA. 



623 



[Ety. ichthys, a fish ; akantha, a spine.] 

 Founded on the posterior dorsal and 

 caudal vertebrae and adjacent parts. 

 Posterior limbs well-developed, with 

 tibia, fibula, osseous tarsus and five 

 digits ; ribs elongate, simple, curved ; 

 abdominal armature in bristle-like rods, 

 in anteriorly directed chevrons ; dorsal 

 vertebrae short, with simple neural 

 spines ; tail large, vertebrae ossified and 

 furnished with slender chevron bones, 

 which terminate in a haemal spine ; 

 neural spines slender, directed back- 

 ward, caudal series somewhat resem- 

 bling that of a fish ; centra amphicoelian. 

 Type I. ohioensis. 



ohioensis, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No. 24, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, p. 573, Coal 

 Meas. 



platypus, see Eryops platypus. 

 Leptophractus, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci., p. 340, and Ohio Pal., vol. 2, p. 



399. [Ety. leptos, delicate ; phroMos, ar- 

 mored.] Founded on various portions 

 of the cranium ; jaws bear large teeth, 

 round in section at the base, but with 

 compressed, acute apex, and with cut- 

 ting edge on anterior face ; enamel deli- 

 cately grooved ; there is a large elon- 

 gate tooth in the upper jaw in the 

 position of a canine; sculpture of the 

 cranium little marked ; lower jaw 

 marked with inosculating grooves. 

 Type L. obsoletus. 



lineolatus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No. 24, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, p. 576, Coal 

 Meas. 



obsoletus, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci., p. 341, and Ohio Pal., vol. 2, p. 



400. Coal Meas. 



Lysorophus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No. 26, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 17, p. 

 187. [Ety. lysos, free ; orophos, roof.] 

 Founded upon the centra. Vertebrae 

 amphicoelian, perforated by the foramen 

 chordae dorsalis ; neural arch freely ar- 

 ticulated to the centrum ; floor of neu- 

 ral canal deeply excavated ; no pro- 

 cesses or costal articulations on the 

 centrum, which is excavated by longi- 

 tudinal fossae ; centrum not shortened. 

 Type L. tricarinatus. 



tricarinatus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No. 

 26, and Proc Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 17, p. 

 187, Permian. 



Metarmosaurus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull., No. 

 29, and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 17, p. 

 516. [Ety. meta, down ; harmos, a joint ; 

 sauros, lizard.] Founded upon verte- 

 brae. Centrum shorter than wide, 

 deeply biconcave ; diapophyses project 

 below the base of the neural arch, are 

 short, with small tubercular facet; ca- 

 pitular facet ; facet for intercentrum 

 small, and is excavated at the anterior 

 extremity of the base of the centrum ; 

 neural canal large ; articular faces of 

 anterior zygopophyses directed down- 

 ward and outward. Type M. fossatus. 



fossatus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull., No. 29, 

 and Proc Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 17, p. 516, 

 Permian. 



Fig. 1188.— Molgophis brevicostatus. 



Molgophis, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci., p. 220. [Ety. rnolges, a salamander; 

 ophis, serpent.] Body long, serpentine, 

 without dermal armature ; vertebrae 

 long, broad, with prominent zygopophy- 

 ses and moderate neural spines ; ribs 

 large, curved, with tubercle and head 

 on the dilated extremity. Type M. ma- 

 crurus. 



brevicostatus, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 

 2, p. 369, Coal Meas. 



macrurus, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci., p. 220, and Ohio Pal., vol. 2, p. 368, 

 Coal Meas. 



wheatleyi, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2, 

 p. 369, Coal Meas. 

 Nothodon, Marsh, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci. and 

 Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15, p. 410. [Ety. no- 

 thos, spurious; odous, tooth.] Type N. 

 lentus. 



lentus, Marsh, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci. and 

 Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15, p. 410, Permian. 



Fig. 1189.— Oestocephalus rectklens. 



Oestocephalus, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phil., p. 217, and Ohio Pal., vol. 2, 

 p. 380. [Ety. oistos, an arrow ; kephale, 

 the head.] Form slender, snake-like ; 

 caudal vertebrae with dilated and sculp- 

 tured neural and haemal spines; cra- 

 nium lanceolate; teeth numerous, sub- 

 equal ; no pectoral shields ; abdomen 

 protected by bristle-like rods, which 

 converge forward ; no scales ; a pair of 

 weak posterior limbs ; branchihyal 

 bones present. Type O. remex. 

 amphiuminus, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci., syn. for O. remex. 



