666 



PROTOZOA. 



[SPH. — ACT. 



carbonarium, Dawson, 1868 (Rusichnites 

 carbonarius), Acad. Geol., p. 257, Car- 

 boniferous. 



clintonense, Dawson, 1890 (Rusichnites 

 clintonensis), Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, 

 vol. 46, p. 598, Clinton Gr. 



grenvillense, Dawson, 1890 (Rusichnites 

 grenvillensis), Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, 

 vol. 46, p. 598, Up. Taconic. 

 Sphenophyllum vetustum, Newberry, 1889, 

 Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, p. 55, 

 Up. Held. Gr. 

 Sphenoptkris salisburyi, Lesquereux, 1887, 



Franklin Soc. Rep. on R. I., p. 69, Coal 



Meas. 

 Spiraxis, Newberry, 1884, Ann. N. Y. Acad. 



Sci., vol. 3, p. 217. An elongated spiral 



cast, supposed to represent a fucoid. 



Type S. major. Another species, S. 



randalli, is also described. Both from 



the Chemung Gr. 

 Trigoxocarpum ambiguum, Lesquereux, 



1890, Diet, of Foss. Pa., vol. 3, p. 1213, 



Coal Meas. 

 Volkmaxnia brevistachys, Lesquereux, 



1890, Diet, of Foss. Pa., vol. 3, p. 1253, 



Coal Meas. 



•o+o« - 



ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA. 



The animals of this Subkingdom are supposed to have consisted of protoplasm, 

 in a cell or cells, capable of secreting an outer wall, but without hardened tissues or 

 alimentary organs. I arrange the pakeozoic sponges in this Subkingdom and in the 

 Class Porifera, because I see no reason to suppose such forms as Pattersonia, 

 Dystactospongia, Archseocyathus, Strephochetus, etc., were any more highly de- 

 veloped than Rhizopoda. It may be part of the Class has shown such variation and 

 development as to point to a higher organization, which is in accordance with all 

 intelligent views of evolution, but I see no evidence to warrant raising the Class to 

 the rank of a Subkingdom in the animal scale, as some have done. In any view 

 presented by those who claim that the Porifera occupy a place between Protozoa and 

 Cielenterata, I discover no ground for raising it to the rank of a Subkingdom, if any 

 regular grade is to be maintained, in the classification of animals. 



Errata. — For family " Leptonitidae," on page 153, read "Family Leptomi- 

 tidse. — Leptomitus," and strike " Leptomitus " from those enumerated under 

 " Family Affinity Uncertain." On page 161 change the specific names under Palse- 

 acis to the feminine gender. 



Acanthodictya, Hinde, 1889, Trans. Roy. 

 Soc. Can., vol. 7, p. 47. [Ety. akantha, a 

 spine; dictuon, net.] Subcylindrical, 

 skeletal mesh -work of longitudinal and 

 transverse spicular strands or fibres ; 

 longitudinal strands composed of some- 



\ what loosely arranged fascicles of elon- 

 gated overlapping spicules, and the 

 spicules of the slender transverse fibres 

 are, as a rule, disposed in a single 

 series. From the outer surface of the 

 sponge, numerous spicular rays project 

 outward at right angles. Anchored, 

 probably, by a basal prolongation of 

 the longitudinal strands. Some of the 

 elongated longitudinal spicules are cru- 

 ciform, and their transverse rays form 

 the cross, fibres. The general structure 

 resembles Cyathospongia, but is char- 



acterized by the presence of the pro- 

 jecting surface rays. Type A. hispida, 

 described in the same place, from Upper 

 Taconic rocks. 



Actinodictya placenta, Hall, 1892, 9th Ann. 

 Rep. State Geologist, p. 59, Chemung Gr. 

 Not entitled to recognition for want of 

 illustration. 



Actinostroma fenestratum, Nicholson, 1889, 

 Monog. Brit. Stromatoporoids, p. 146, 

 and A. tyrrelli, 1891, Ann. and Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 317, Devonian. 



Biopatta, Wallace, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 

 115, p. 369. [Ety. bios, life; palla, a 

 ball.] Founded upon very imperfect 

 and uncertain material from the geodes 

 of the Keokuk Group, with the state- 

 ment that "there is uncertainty as to 

 the distinction of species," and yet B. 



