ACT. — EPH.J 



CEPHALOPODA. 



695 



CLASS CEPHALOPODA. 



The living animals of this Class are carnivorous, but it is too strong a presump- 

 tion to conclude that all fossil Cephalopoda were carnivorous. The evidence does 

 not warrant the presumption. The mouth of the shell or aperture may be round, 

 elliptical, lunate, T-shaped, or of almost any other form, and the shell may gradually 

 expand to the aperture, be contracted behind the aperture, or more or less contracted 

 to the aperture. The ventral side may be indicated by the shape of the aperture, 

 either by an emargination or a sinus, but the position of the siphuncle does not 

 always indicate it ; for in Orthoceras the siphuncle may be central, or in the growth 

 of the shell it may cross the central line. The external shell is generally destroyed 

 and for this reason it has been supposed to have been composed of aragonite rather 

 than calcite ; but the fact that the shell often appears as if run together in fossiliza- 

 tion does not indicate such a distinction. 



Actinoceras hindii,Whiteaves, 1890, Trans. 

 Roy. Soc. Can., vol. 8, p. 101, Devon- 

 ian. 



Ascoceras indianense, Newell, 1888, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, p. 484, Ni- 

 agara Gr. 



Apsidoceras, Hyatt, 1883, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. 22, p. 289. [Ety. apsis, 

 the felloe of a wheel ; keras, horn.] 

 Loosely coiled, smooth, costated, or 

 tuberculated gyroceran shells, with flat- 

 tened abdomens. The whorls in sec- 

 tion are triangular, the dorsum forming 

 the internal apex of the outline; si- 



f)hons near the venter and nummu- 

 oidal. The sutures have broad ventral 

 lobes, saddles at the lateral angles, broad 

 lobes on the sides and dorsal saddles ; 

 there is frequently a line of heavy 

 tubercles on tach of the lateral angles 

 of the whorls ; they are all large shells, 

 and the abdomen is frequently hollow 

 or fluted along the center. Type A. 

 magnificum. 



insigne, Whiteaves, 1889, Trans. Roy. Soc. 

 Can., p. 82, Trenton Gr. 



magnificum, Billings, 1857, (Gyroceras 

 magnificum,) Rep. of Progr. Geo. Sur. 

 Can., p. 307, Hud. Riv. Gr. 

 Asymptoceras neidoni, see Solenochilus new- 



loni. 

 Cyrtoceras boycii is from the Chazy Gr. 



dardanum and fosteri are illustrated on 

 pi. 16 in 20th Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist. 



hertzeri, refer to Hexamoceras hertzeri. 



howardi, Niagara Gr., and C. thompsoni, 

 Hud. Riv. Gr., S. A. Miller, Advance 

 Sheets 18th Rep. Geo. Sur. Ind., 

 p. 69. 



indianense, S. A. Miller, 1891, Advance 



Sheets 17th Rep. Geo. Sur. Ind., p. 88, 

 Niagara Gr. 

 manitobense,Whiteaves, 1889, Trans. Roy. 



Sdc. Can., p. 80, Trenton Gr. 

 nashvillense, S. A. Miller, 1891, Advance 

 Sheets 17th Rep. Geo. Sur. Ind., p. 87, 

 Niagara Gr. 

 occidentale, Whiteaves, 1890, Trans. Roy. 



Soc. Can., vol. 8, p. 103, Devonian, 

 saffordi, S. A. Miller, 1891, Advance Sheets 

 17th Rep. Geo. Sur. Ind., p. 88, Hud. 

 Riv. Gr. 



Discites was preoccupied in 1768 by Walch, 

 and again used by Schlotheim in 1820, 

 before DeHaan used it in 1825 or 

 McCov in 1844. Hyatt in 1883, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 22, p. 292, pro- 

 posed Discitoceras for the shells in- 

 cluded in McCoy's genus. All the spe- 

 cies therefore under the name Discites 

 in this work should be referred to Dis- 

 citoceras. 



Domatoceras, Hyatt, 1891, 2d Ann. Rep. 

 Geo. Sur. Texas, p. 342. The generic 

 characters can not be determined from 

 the definition. D.umbilicatum is defined 

 at the same place from the Coal Meas. 

 as the type. 



Endoceras crassisiphonatum, Whiteaves, 

 1891, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., vol. 9, p. 79, 

 Trenton Gr. 



Endolobus, gibbosus, Hyatt, 1891, 2d 

 Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Texas, p. 353, 

 Coal Meas. 



Ephippioceras, Hyatt, 1883, Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 22, p. 290. [Ety. 

 ephippion, a saddle ; keras, horn.] Gen- 

 eric definition very obscure. Type E. 

 ferratum, described by Cox as Nautilus 

 ferratus ; and to the same genus Nau- 

 tilus divisus should be referred if the 



