714 



P/SCES. 



[CAL,. IMS. 



Bothhiolepis leidyi, Newberry, 1889, Pal. 

 Fish N. Am., p. Ill, CatskiU (Jr.; and B. 

 minor, p. 112, Chemung Gr. 



Cali.ognathis, Newberry, 1889, Pal. Fish 

 N. Am., p. 69. [Ety. haJloi, beautiful ; 

 gnathos, jaw.] Small fishes, of which 

 only the mandibles are known ; these 

 are from one to three inches in lenjjtli ; 

 the posterior end of the dentary bone 

 .flat, thin, spatulate, smooth; the ante- 

 rior half narrower, tbicker, and orna- 

 mented 1 ; the upper edge closely set 

 with numerous subrenal, conical, ob- 

 tuse, blunt-pointed teeth. Type C. 

 regularis, described at the same place 

 from the Huron Shale, as well as ( '. 

 serratus from the Cleveland Shale. 



Carcharopsis was not defined by A-assiz, 

 and the forms subsequently defined 

 under that name belong to Dirrenodus. 



Cephalaspis laticept and c. campbetltonentft, 

 Traquair, L800, bond. Geo. Mag., 3d ser., 

 vol. 7, p. 16. Not defined so as to be 

 recognized. 



< 'i.AiMinrs oarinatut, Newberry, 1889, Pal. 

 Fish N. Am., p. 103. Too poorly de- 

 fined to warrant recognition; beside the 

 name was preoccupied, 

 kepleri, Newberry, 1889, Pal. I'ish X. Am., 

 p. 103, and C. terrelli, p. 170, and C. 

 tumidus, p. 172, Cleveland Shale. 



< dxosTEUs, Newberry, 1889, Pal. Fish N. 

 Am., p. 188. [Ety. koilos, hollow ; otUon, 

 bone.] Fishes of large size allied to 

 Dendrodus and Rhizodus; only a cor- 

 acoid, mandible, and tooth are known. 

 The bones consist of a thin shell of dense 

 osseous tissue inclosing huge cavities, 

 once doubtless filled with cartilage ; the 

 coracoid is about a foot in length and 

 an inch and a half in diameter at the 

 middle, and the central cavity is as 

 large, relatively, as in the lonjr bones of 

 birds, the shell which surrounded it 

 being but from one-eighth to one-quar- 

 ter of an inch in thickness; the dentary 

 bone is about one foot in length, two 

 and a half inches wide in the middle, 

 where it is one and a quarter inches in 

 thickness, and four inches wide at the 

 posterior end, where it was doubtless 

 joined to the angular and articular ele- 

 ments ; on the outside the posterior half 

 is excavated to form a deep sulcus for 

 the reception of the motor muscle ; on 

 the inside the jaw is flattened and gently 

 arched downward to the rounded lower 

 edge; the upper side bears on the out- 

 side a subacute toothless ridge ; within 

 and below this is a wide shoulder with 

 seven broad, shallow pits, in which were 

 planted the rounded bases of the teeth ; 

 teeth strong, conical, straight, acute and 

  smooth above, plicated below ; compli- 

 cated interior structure as in Dendrodus. 

 Type C. ferox, described at the same 

 place from Carboniferous rocks. 



Ctenacanthus angustus, Newberry, 1889, 

 Pal. Fish N. Am., p. 181, Berea Grit ; 



and C. clarkii, and C. compressus, p. 

 168, Cleveland Shale; and C. cylindri- 

 cus, p. 202, Keokuk Gr. ; and C. littoni, 

 p. 201, St. Louis Gv. ; and C. randalli, 

 p. 106, (Mean conglomerate. And he 

 refers ( '. parvulus to Hoplonchus, a 

 genus established by Davis in 1875, in 

 <^uar. Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., with II. 

 elegans as the type. See p. lt><). 



( tenodus wagneri, Newberry, 1889, Pal. 

 Fish N. Am., p. 172, Cleveland Shale. 



DlCBXNODUS, Koinan'ovsky, 1853, Bull. Soc. 

 Imp. Moscou, p. 40S. This name has 

 priority over Carcharopsis, which was 

 not dt- lined by Agassiz, nor by any 

 Other one until 1883, and it has priority 

 over I'risiicladodus, both of which names 

 Woodward £ Sherborn say are syn- 

 onyms. 



Diniehihy$, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal. vol. 

 1, p. 313. This name was preoccupied 

 by Hitchcock, among the fishes, in 1868. 

 See Ponerichthys. 

 corrugatus, D. curtus, D. gotUdi, D. hertzeri, 

 D. interniediut, 1>. minor, D. precursor, I). 

 1 1 rrelli, I), tuberculatum. SeePonerichthvs. 



Diplodus was preoccupied in 1810, by Kaiin- 

 esque, for a genus of Sparidse, before 

 Agassi/, used the word. See Dissodus. 

 acinaces, D. compressus, D. gracilis, D. latum, 

 D. penetrans, D. problematicus. See Dis- 

 sodus. 



l>iii.o(;.\ATiius, Newberry, 1878, Ann. N. Y. 

 Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 188, and Pal. Fish 

 N. Am., p. 159. [Ety. diploos, double ; 

 gnathos, the jaw.] Dentary bones long 

 and slender, flattened, straight, spatu- 

 late behind, were originally covered 

 with cartilage ; anterior and exposed 

 portions rising into points which di- 

 verge from the symphysis, giving a 

 forked extremity to the lower jaw ; 

 conical acute teeth formed from the 

 jaw tissue are set along the outer mar- 

 gin of the mandibles and on the inside 

 of the divergent extremities beyond the 

 symphysis; the teeth are recurved, and 

 formed a kind of forked rake ; a deep 

 pit in each dentary bone marks the 

 point of insertion of a powerful liga- 

 ment, which bound the rami together 

 and prevented splitting. Type D. mir- 

 abilis, which was described at the same 

 place from the Cleveland Shale. 



Dipterus flabelliformis, D. hevis, D. minutus, 

 D. nelsoni, D. radiatus, Newberry, 1889, 

 Pal. Fish N. Am., pp. 89 to 119, Che- 

 mung Gr. 



Dissodus n. gen. [Ety. dissos, double ; odous, 

 tooth.] Proposed for Diplodus, Agassiz, 

 1843, Kecherches sur les Poissons Fos- 

 siles, t. 3, p. 204, which name was pre- 

 occupied. The type is D. gibbosus, 

 and the American species are D. acin- 

 ices, D. compressus, D. gracilis, D. 

 latus, D. penetrans, 

 problematicus, Wood ward, (Diplodus prob- 

 lematicus,) 1892, Geo., Mag., vol. 9, p. 2, 

 Low. Devonian. 



