OTJ LIGHT. 335 



(116.) Take now the case of the exterior fringes, when 

 the shadow of a broad straight-edged body, as a ruler, is 

 thrown on a fixed screen at a considerable distance be- 

 hind it. Suppose P first placed exactly at the edge of 

 the geometrical shadow. In that case, the view of ex- 

 actly half of each of the concentric wave-zones (A), (B), 

 (c), &c., will be intercepted, and P will therefore receive 

 from the remaining halves just half the amount of lumin- 

 iferous agitation it* received when opposed to the whole 

 wave, viz., half the amount of concordant and half of 

 discordant undulation. Its intensity of illumination will 

 therefore be one-fourth of that when the ruler is altogether 

 removed.* Now, suppose the ruler withdrawn gradually, 

 and laterally, so as to disclose to the view of P succes- 

 sively, ist, the whole of the central zone (A) of the wave 

 surface; 2dly, the whole of the two first zones (A), (B); 

 3dly, the three first, (A), (B), (c), and so on. It is very 

 evident then, on merely casting our eyes on Fig. 6, (p. 

 295), and imagining a line drawn through the common 

 centre of all the circles to be removed parallel to i:self, 

 step by step, so as to become in succession a tangent to 

 the ist, 2d, 3d, &c., circles; that in the first step of its 

 removal it will disclose to P all the remaining half of the 

 central area (A), which sends to it undulations concordant 

 with those by which P is already illuminated, but less 



* The effect on the retina is estimated, not by the simple momen- 

 tum or velocity of the impulse communicated by the vibration, but 

 by the "vis viva" "energy," or "work done," which is proportion- 

 ate to the square of the velocity of movement. In this the undulatory 

 doctrine of light agrees with the theory of sound. 



