NATURAL ORDERS. 



35 



n, 



| 16. 



Connexion of 

 the Stamens) 

 by filaments \ 

 or anthers. 17. 



Position of 

 the Stamens 

 relative to 

 the Pistils. 



Characters and names of pre- 

 ceding classes. As, 1. Monandria, 

 2. Diandria, 3. Triandria, 4. Te- 

 trandria, 5. Pentandria, 6. Hexan- 

 dria. 



Disk and ray florets compared. 

 1. ^Equalis, 2. Superflu'a, 3. Frus- 

 tranea, 4. Necessaria, 5. Segre- 

 gata. 



Characters and names of prece- 

 ding classes, (as under the classes 

 15 and 16,) 7. Heptandria, 8. Oc- 

 tandria, 9. Enneandria, 10. Decan- 

 dria, 12. Polyandria, 16. Monadel- 

 phia. 



Invisible or J 

 Caducous. ', 



MONADELPHIA, fila- 

 ments united in 1 set. 

 DIADELPHIA, filaments 

 united in 2 sets papili- 

 onaceous. 



SYNGENESIA, anthers 

 united flowers com- 

 pound. 



GYNANDRIA, stamens 

 on the pistil, distant 

 from corolla. 

 MONCECIA, stamens in 

 flowers separate from 

 pistils, on the same 

 plant. 



DICECIA, stamens in 

 flowers separate from 

 pistils on separate plants 



CRYPTOGAMiAjStamens I Natural families. 1. Filices, 2. 

 invisible, wanting, or } Musci, 3. Hepaticae, 4. Algse, 5. 

 very caducous. J Lichens, 6. Fungi.* 



We have now exhibited the Linnsean system ; a thorough 

 knowledge of it can be gained only by a series of inductions 

 made by the analysis of single plants. You cannot be too 

 much impressed with the idea, that a knowledge of nature can 

 be acquired but -by the* observation of material objects. 



LECTURE V. 



the 



[The beginner in Botany may omit the whole of the fifth Lecture, except 

 a "Directions for pronouncing the names of plants."] 



Condensed view of the Natural orders of Linn&us and Jussieu. 



After you have analyzed a number of plants, you will begin to observe a 

 striking resemblance in many genera, and your own minds will suggest the 

 propriety of arranging them into groups, without any reference to the artificial 

 class or order where they may have been placed. We thus form natural fa- 

 milies. 



Among resemblances which give rise to natural families ; are, 

 1st, resemblance in seeds, 

 2d, in pericarps, or the envelopes of seeds, 

 3d, in stamens and pistils, 

 4th, in corollas and calyxes, 

 5th, in the modes of inflorescence, or the manner in which the 



flowers grow together upon the stalks, 

 6th, in leaves, 

 7th, in roots and stems. 



In order to form a correct idea of the natural methods of classification, it is 

 necessary to observe many plants, and the most constant characters of most of 



* Eaton. 



Synopsis of artificial classes and orders What is necessary in order to gain 

 a knowledge of nature ? Arrangement of plants into natural families Impor- 

 tant resemblances which give rise to natural families. 



