36 NATURAL ORDERS OF LLNN^US. 



their organs. To find the place of plants in the artificial classes and orders, it 

 is only necessary to observe the distinctions of the stamens and pistils. 



You will therefore recollect that Natural Methods depend on many considera- 

 tions ; the Artificial System is founded on a few simple principles. 



But without attempting to explain to you the peculiarities of Natural Me- 

 thods, we will now place before you those of Linnaeus and of Jussieu. 

 These you are to refer to, in your analysis of flowers, rather than to 

 study in regular order. The physician is chiefly conversant with the natural 

 characters of plants, especially with such as are connected by medicinal qual- 

 ities; he would say of one group, they are narcotics; of another, these are 

 tonics ; of another that they are refrigerants* &c. 



Although the natural method is of the greatest utility, its chief use depends 

 on a knowledge of the artificial system, which enables us to find, in an expedi- 

 tious manner, the name of a plant, and then its place among the natural families 

 or orders. 



Linmeus did not suppose his natural method could be used without the as- 

 sistance of the artificial system ; but he considered the former as ingrafted upon 

 the latter. 



NATURAL ORDERS OF LINNAEUS. 



1. PALM^E. Palms and their relatives ; as Cocoanut, Frog's bit. Farinace- 

 ous diet. 



2. PIPERIT^. Pepper and its relatives. IB crowded spikes ; as Indian- 

 turnip, sweet flag. Tonics and stomachics. 



3. CALAMARI^C. Reed-like grasses, with culms without joints ; as cat-tail, 

 sedge. Coarse cattle fodder. 



4. GRAMINA. The proper grasses with jointed culms; as Wheat, Rye, Oats, 

 Timothy-grass, Indian-corn. Farinaceous diet, and cattle fodder. 



5. TRIPETALOIDE^E. Corol* 3-petalled, or calyx 3-leaved; as Water-plan- 

 tain, Rush-grass, Arrow-head. Tonics and rough cattle fodder. 



6. ENSAT.*. Liliaceous plants, with sword-form leaves ; as Iris, Blue-eyed 

 grass, Virginian spiderwort. Antiscorbutics and tonics. 



7. ORCHIDE/E. With fleshy roots, stamens on the pistils, pollen glutinous, 

 flowers of singular structure, with the germ inferior ; as Ladies' slipper, Are- 

 thusa. Farinaceous diet and stomachics. 



8. SCITAMINE.*. Liliaceous corols, stems herbaceous, leaves broad, germ 

 blunt-angular ; as Ginger, Turmeric. Warming stomachics. 



9. SPATHACE.*. Liliaceous plants with spathes;t as Daffodil, Onion, 

 Snow-drop. Secernant stimulants. 



10. CORONARI^E. Liliaceous plants without spathes ; as Lily, Tulip, Star- 

 grass. The nauseous scented and bitter are antiscorbutic and cathartic, the 

 others Emollient. ^ 



11. SARMENTACE.S. Liliaceous corols with very weak stems; as Asparagus, 

 Bell-wort. Tonic* and Secernant stimulants. 



12. OLERACE*: or HOLERACE*:. Having flowers destitute of beauty, at 

 least of gay colouring; as Beet, Blight, Pig- weed, Dock, Pepperage. If nau- 

 seous, Cathartic , others, mild stimulants and nutrientics. 



13. SUCCULENT.*. Plants with very thick succulent leaves ; as Prickly- 

 pear, House-leek, Purslane. Antiscorbutic and Emollient. 



14. GRUINALES. Corpls with five petals, capsules beaked ; as Flax, Wood- 

 sorrel, Cranes-bill. Tomes and Refrigerants. 



15. INUNDATAE. Growing under water, and having flowers destitute of 

 beauty ; as Hippuris, Pondweed. Astringents. 



16. CALYCIFLORAE. Plants without corols, with the stamens on the ca- 

 lyx ; as Poet's cassia, Seed buckthorn. Astringents and Refrigerants. 



* In explanation of these terms, see vocabulary. 

 t Or corolla. t Or spathas. 



Difference between natural methods and the artificial system The physi- 

 cian chiefly conversant with natural methods The artificial system an index 

 to natural methods Natural orders of Linnaeus. 



