DIRECTIONS FOR PRONOUNCING. 41 



Names. Examples. Properties. 



79. Tiliaceae, Basswood, Emollient, aperient. 



8D. Cisti, Rock-rose, violet, Tonic. 



81. Rutaceae, Rue, Caustic, narcotic. 



82. Caryophillae, Pink, flax, Emollient, aperient. 



CLASS XIV. Stamens surrounding the germ. 



83. Sempervivae, Houseleek, live-forever, Emollient, vulnerary. 



84. Saxitragae, Saxifrege, currant leaf, Tonic. 



85. Cacti, Prickly pear, currant, Refrigerant, emollient, tonic. 



86. Portulacceae, Purslane, Emollient, vulnerary, 



87. Ficoideae, Ice plant, Emollient, refrigerant. 

 83. Onagrae, Scabish, Tonic, aperient. 



89. Myrti, Mock orange, Tonic. 



90. Melastomae, Deer-grass, Feeble tonic. 



91. Salicariae, Willow herb, Deobstruent, cathartic, 



92. Rosaceae, Apple, rose, peach, Refrigerant, tonic, astringent. 



93. Leguminosae, Cassia, pea, clover, Aperient, emollient. 



94. Terebintaceae, Sumach, butternut, Cathartic, emetic, narcotic. 



95. Rhamni, Winter berry, Jersey tea, Cathartic, tonic. 



Section fourth. Diclinious or anomalous. 

 CLASS XV. Flowers mostly apetalous. 



96. Euphobeae, Castot bean, Cathartic, mild emetic. 



97. Cucurbitaceae, Cucumber, melon, Cathartic, refrigerant. 

 93. Urticae, Hop, hemp, fig, Tonic, anodyne. 



99. Amentaceae, Oak, willow, elm, Astringent ionic, emollient. 



100. Coniferae, Pine tree, cedar, Expectorant, secernant stimulant. 

 We 1 shall, in considering more fully the principles of classification, hereafter 



remark on the comparative merits of the most important methods of botanical 

 arrangement. As our object at this time is to prepare you for the analysis of 

 plants, it may be well to give you a few simple rules for pronouncing their 

 names, which, being derived from foreign languages, cannot be accented or 

 divided like analogous English words. 



DIRECTIONS FOR PRONOUNCING THE NAMES OP PLANTS. 



BOTANICAL names of plants are formed according to the anal- 

 ogies of the ancient languages, chiefly the Latin. Some of the 

 most common terminations of names of Genera and Species, 

 area, um, us, and is; for example, the generic names, GERAR- 

 DIA, TRIFOLIUM, pRUNus, and IRIS ; and the specific names, 

 virginica, candidum, blandus, and officinalis. A great propor- 

 tion of Botanical names terminate in a, in which case it has the 

 sound of a in father, as Rosa, Viola, &c. 



The letter e at the end of a word is always to be sounded ; 

 for example, anemone, pronounced anem'-o-ne. 



The e is long before s when it ends a word, as Bicor'nes. 



In words that end in ides, the i is long, as in Hesper'ides. 



The vowels ae and oe are often used as dipthongs, and then 

 have the sound of e, as Hepaticse, pronounced He-pat'i-ce, and 



Di-oecia, pronounced' Di-e-cia. 



C and g, as in English, are soft before e, i, and y, and hard 



Botanical names, how formed ? What syllables do they often terminate in ? 

 a at the end of words e, when sounded ? When long ? i in ides The 

 vowels ae and oe c and g. 



4* 



