322 HISTORY OF BOTANY. 



Clayton made a list of Virginian plants, and is commemorated 

 in the beautiful CLAYTONIA virginica. 



Kalm, a pupil of Linnaeus, whose name is given to the KAL- 

 MIA (American laurel), spent three years in America, and re- 

 turned to Europe laden with botanical treasures ; the sight of 

 the American plants brought by his pupil, many of which were 

 entirely new to him, is said to have produced such an effect 

 upon Linnaeus, that although lying ill of the gout, and unable 

 to move, his spirits were rekindled, and in the delight of his 

 mind he forgot his bodily anguish, and recovered from his 

 disease. 



Among the earliest botanists of North America, were Col- 

 den, Michaux, and Muhlenberg ; Pursh was the first who fur- 

 nished a system of North American plants, so arranged as to 

 be useful to the student. Some of the first teachers of the 

 science were" Barton, Hosack and Mitchell. The first lecturer 

 on Botany in the interor of North America, was Professor 

 Amos Eaton. Dr. Bigelow gave a course of lectures in Bos- 

 ton, in the year 1813, and soon after published his Boston 

 Flora. 



Professor Ives and Dr. Tully did much in New England 

 towards awakening a zeal for the science, in the years 1815 

 and 1616 ; and at a later period, Dr. Sumner has pursued and 

 illustrated the study with much ardor and success. 



Wan* of books was a great impediment to the progress of 

 the science when Eaton published his Botanical Dictionary 

 and Manual of Botany ; this book gave a new impulse to the 

 progress of the science ; its familiar method and simple stylo 

 induced many to commence the study. This was followed by 

 many other works describing plants, and several elementary 

 works ; of the former* class were Nuttall's Genera, Elliott's 

 Southern Plants, Barton's Flora of Philadelphia, Darlington's, 

 Torrey's, and Bigelow's Floras ; these furnished descriptions 

 of most American Plants, not included in the works of Pursh. 

 Among Elementary books are " Barton's Elements," a large 

 work containing much that is interesting in the physiology of 

 plants ; " Lock's Botany," a small book, but exhibiting a plan 

 of arrangement simple and methodical ; " Sumner's Compen- 

 dium of Botany," written in a beautiful and pure style; and 

 more recently, " Nuttall's Elementary Work," which gives, 

 in popular language, more facts with regard to plants, than 

 almost any other work of the kind. In all the books which 

 we have enumerated, none have been designed as a full and 

 connected course of botanical study. The publication of our 

 present course of instruction, may, perhaps, remove some ob- 



American botanists American works on botany. 



