330 VIEW OF NATURE. 



" Vertebral, animals fiaving backbones. 

 Avertebral, animals destitute of backbones. 

 VERTEBRAL animals are divided into, 



1. Quadrupeds. The science of which has no popular 

 name. It includes four-footed animals ; as ox, dog, mouse. 



2. Birds. The science of which is called ornithology. It 

 includes the feathered tribe ; as pigeon, goose, wren. 



3. Amphibious Animals. The science of which is called 

 amphibiology. It includes those cold-blooded animals which 

 are capable of living on dry land, or in the water ; as tortoise, 

 lizard, serpent, frog. 



4. Fishes. The science of which is called itchthyology. It 

 includes all aquatic animals which have gills and fins ; as 

 shad, trout, sturgeon, eel. 



AVERTEBRAL animals are divided into, 



5. Insects. The science of which is called entomology. It 

 includes all animals with jointed bodies, which have jointed 

 limbs ; as flies, spiders, lobsters. 



6. Vermes. The science of which is called herminthology. 

 It includes all soft animals of the avertebral division, which 

 have no jointed limbs, with or without hard coverings ; as 

 angle worms, snails, oysters, polypi, and infusory animals."* 



The system of Zoology most approved, is the one taught by 

 Linnaeus, with some improvements made by the great French 

 naturalist, Cuvier ; according to this mode of classification, 

 the animal kingdom is divided into four grand divisions, viz : 



VERTEBRAL, MOLLUSCOUS, ARTICULATED, and RADIATED. 

 These are subdivided into classes and orders. 



First Grand Division Vertebral Animals. 



CLASS i. Mammalia, or such as at first are nourished by 

 milk. This class have lungs, and peculiar organs for imbibing 

 their food, during their first stage of existence. 



The First Order is called Bi-mani (from bis two, mani 

 hands) ; this order includes man only ; we find here no generic 

 or specific differences, but the following varieties. 



1st. Caucasian race, anciently inhabiting the country about 

 the Caspian and Black Seas, from whom we are descended. 



2d. The Mongolian, the ancient inhabitants about the Pacific 

 Ocean, from whom the Chinese are descended. 



3d. The Ethiopian, or Negro race. 



The second order contains the quadru-mani, from quatuor 



* Eaton's Zoology. 



How many classes of Vertebral animals ? How are Avertebral animals di- 

 vided ? Cuvier' s four grand divisions 1st class of vertebral animals Order 

 bi-mani Varieties in this order Order quadru-mani. 



