CLASS XXL ORDER IV. 369 



B. Capsule without a ring being cellular-reticulate, pellucid, sub-striate, radiate 

 at the tip. 



OSMUN"DA. Capsules globose, pedicelled, radiate-striate or wrinkled, having 

 a hinge at the joining of the two valves, which resembles part of the jointed 

 ring of annulated ferns : the capsules either occupy the whole frond, to a lim- 

 ited extent, or a pannicled raceme. (The parts of the frond occupied by the 

 fruit are always more contracted than the barren parts). 55. 5- (flowering 

 fern). S. 



D. Sub-order, APTERES without pinnate, pinnatifid, or other winged leaves. 



LYCOPO'DIUM. Capsules mostly kidney-form, or roundish, 2 or 4 valved, 

 opening elastically ; they are placed under separate scales in a spike, or some- 

 times in the axils of the leaves. Leafy, their stems being generally covered 

 with 2, 3, or 4 rows of narrow, simple, entire leaves. 55. 5 (ground-pine). iS. 



EQUISE'TUM. Fruit placed under peltate polygons, being pileus-like bodies, 

 which are arranged in whorls, forming a spike-form raceme ; 4 to 7 spiral fila- 

 ments surround the seed (probably), which resemble green globules. (Fertile 

 plants mostly leafless ; the stems of all are jointed with toothed sheaths at 

 every joint, and usually longitudinally striated and hollow. 55. 5 (scouring 

 rush, horsetail). S. 



ORDER II. MUSCI.* 



FUNA'RIA. Teeth of the outer peristome 16, cohering together at the apex, 

 and twisted obliquely ; the inner peristome consists of 16 membranaceous 

 cilia, opposite to the teeth, lying flatly. 56. 4. 



POLYTRI'CHUM. Peristome very short ; teeth 16 , 32, or 64 ; mouth of the 

 germ covered by a dry membrane, which is connected to it by the teeth of the 

 peristome ; calyptre very small, with a large villose or hairy covering. 56. 4. 



ORDER III. HEPATIC.E. , 



MARCHAN"TIA. Receptacles pedicelled, radiate-lobed, disk-like or bell- 

 form, with the inside downwards, to which the globose 4 valved capsules are 

 attached, with their apexes downwards. The umbrella-like receptacle is eleva- 

 ted one or two inches by a stipe attached to the centre of its lower side, among 

 the capsules and many pilose appendages. The frond is leafy, reticulate, fur- 

 nished with a midrib, and beset with villose roots on the under side, which 

 attach themselves to the stones in brooks, to damp earth, &c. 57. 3. 



JUNGERMAN"NIA. Capsules 4 valved, globose, elevated by peduncles or 

 stipes from within a bell-form calyx. The fronds are made up of finer leaves 

 than those of theMarchantia, and are often mistaken for mosses, among which 

 they generally grow. 57. 3. 



ORDER IV. ALGJE. 



A. The section FUCOIDE^E comprises those sea-weeds of the old genus Fucus, 

 whose fronds are cartilaginous or leathery, and of an olive or copper colour, be- 

 coming brown or black. They are composed of interwoven longitudinal jib-res. 

 The floating vesicles appear like portions of the frond blown up in bubbles. 

 Fu'cus. Receptacles tubercled ; tubercles perforated, nourishing aggrega- 

 ted capsules within, intermixed with articulated fibres. 57. 2. 



B. The section FLORIDE^E comprises these sea-weeds of the old genus Fucus, 

 whose fronds are leathery, membranous or gelatinous, and of a purple or rose 

 colour. 



HALYME'NIA. Frond membranaceous, leathery, nerveless, punctate; seed 

 immersed throughout the whole frond, disposed in spots. 57. 2. 



C. The section ULVOIDE^E comprises the plants of the old genus Ulva. Fronds 

 membranaceous (broad, or in narrow slips), thin, of a grass-green colour. 

 Their mibstance consists of cells, with the fruit immersed in the frond. They 

 grow on rocks, stones, shells, &c. in the sea ; also in ditches, stagnant wa- 

 ters, damp woods, &c. 57. 2. 



UL"VA. Seeds in fours, immersed in every part of the membranaceous 

 frond. 57. 2. 



* Mosses may be gathered whenever the capsules have arrived to their usual 

 size ; but they must be put in a closet, until the lids of the capsule become 

 reddish-brown, before they are examined ; then the lids may be removed, and 

 the teeth examined. 



