24 FARM ANIMALS 



exclusively between members of a family in one 

 general line of descent without strict regard to the 

 nearness of relationship. In most cases, how- 

 ever, it is obvious that the relationship would not 

 be particularly close. 



The only system of breeding which can be 

 conscientiously recommended for the average 

 farmer is that known as grading up. This consists 

 in the use of a thoroughbred sire upon native 

 scrub animals. The result is a great improvement 

 of the native stock toward the standard of the 

 thoroughbred sire used in any particular case. 

 This system of breeding is the least expensive of 

 any of those just mentioned and does not require 

 the skill which is necessary in carrying out other 

 systems with success. 



As a matter of fact it is useless for the average 

 farmer to go to any great expense in securing high 

 priced, pure bred sires of any kind of animal 

 provided he does not intend to use improved 

 methods of caring for his breeding animals. Under 

 scrub conditions scrub animals will give as much 

 profit as thoroughbred animals and, of course, cost 

 less. 



To incur a great initial expense in securing 

 thoroughbred sires makes it necessary to take 

 better care of these sires, to use them so that the 

 greatest possible number of offspring are obtained 

 from them and to give extra care to these offspring 

 in order to get out all there is in them. If the 

 farmer is not prepared by training or experience 

 or is not conveniently situated for carrying on an- 

 imal industry according to the most profitable 

 systems, with the best of care and scientific use of 

 feeding stuffs and other methods strictly up to 

 date, it will be impracticable to indulge in any fine 



