FARM ANIMALS 27 



have 2.4 times the heat value of carbo-hydrates. 

 The percentage of fat as shown in an analysis of 

 a given food stuff is therefore multiplied by 2.4, 

 the resulting quantity being added to the carbo- 

 hydrates and the total of both being divided by 

 the amount of digestible protein. In general 

 nitrogenous grains may be taken as examples of 

 a narrow ration, for example, linseed meal in 

 which the nutritive ratio is 1:1.7, while in corn 

 the ratio is 1 :9 . 8, this being known as a medium 

 ration, and in timothy hay 1 :15 . 5, this being called 

 a wide ration. 



GRAINS FOR HORSES 



In the following paragraphs attention is given 

 first to a brief discussion of the various feeding 

 stuffs which are commonly used for feeding horses, 

 and later to a general discussion of suitable rations 

 for horses. Feeding stuffs are grouped for the 

 sake of convenience into grains, coarse fodders, 

 roots and fruits, and miscellaneous feeding stuffs. 



Oats. Oats are quite generally considered as 

 the best grain for horses. The belief is firmly 

 rooted with a large percentage of horsemen that 

 no other grain is suitable for horses or, at least, 

 not for horses used for driving or speed purposes. 

 Oats are cjuite nitrogenous and, therefore, furnish 

 the protein which is necessary for the growing 

 horse. They are also palatable and well liked by 

 all horses. Another point in connection with oats 

 is that the amount of hulls in the grain is consider- 

 able so that the masticated mass does not become 

 sticky or solid in the stomach and, therefore, does 

 not give rise to digestive troubles. Oats are 

 cultivated as horse feed and for the production of 



