FARM ANIMALS 41 



make a sudden change to a ration without the 

 linseed meal. Direct tests seem to indicate that 

 there is no danger in suddenly adding two pounds 

 of linseed meal to the ration or in suddenly leaving 

 it out after a continued use of this product. 



Whole vs. Ground Grain. The cost of grind- 

 ing grain for feeding to animals has been consider- 

 ed by a great many stockmen to be an unnecessary 

 expense in animal industry. In general, it has 

 been found that the expense of the process must 

 be taken into consideration. Where the farmer is 

 conveniently situated near the mill, and where the 

 expense of grinding the grain is not great, as for 

 example by the use of a power feed grinder on the 

 farm, the advantage obtained in the increased di- 

 gestibility of the grain may more than equal the 

 cost of tne grinding. For horses with good teeth it 

 is not necessary to grind oats, soft wheat, buckwheat, 

 or Kafir corn, but beans, peas, and barley are im- 

 proved by cracking or grinding. If the teeth are 

 poor, as in old age, or when they are being replaced 

 in colts, it is desirable to grind or otherwise soften 

 the grain used in the rations. The problems con- 

 nected with this question have been carefully con- 

 sidered in various localities. In Utah it was found 

 that whole oats, wheat, or corn were equally as 

 effective as after grinding. It was estimated, in 

 making these tests, that in order to pay for the 

 process of grinding, ground corn must show an 

 increased effectiveness of fifteen to twenty per cent, 

 and as no increased nutritive value was obtained 

 from the ground corn, the grinding was, therefore, 

 done at a loss. All horsemen know that it is an 

 important matter to keep colts growing uniformly 

 after they are weaned. In accomplishing this re- 

 sult, since, as has already been indicated, the teeth 



