FARM ANIMALS 99 



The larger part of this class is composed of tolerably 

 fat cows, and heifers, and bulls which show many 

 grades of fattening. 



Cutters and Canners. These include some of 

 the thinner culls from beef animals. The grades 

 of this class run from inferior to good, no choice 

 animals being included in it. Some of the less 

 desirable bulls in this class are commonly referred 

 to as bologna bulls. 



Stackers and Feeders. This class includes calves, 

 yearlings, two-year-olds, and other animals of both 

 sexes. If the animals are intended for immediate 

 shipment to the feeding lot they are known as 

 feeders. If the age is eighteen months or more, 

 calves, heifers, yearlings and steers are commonly 

 known as stockers. As a rule animals which are 

 intended for the feeding lot weigh from 900 pounds 

 to 1,000 pounds. The weight of stockers may 

 range from 450 pounds to 900 pounds. 



Veal Calves. The weight of the animals in 

 this class varies from 80 pounds to 160 pounds and 

 the main factors in determining the grade to which 

 the veal calf belongs are age, condition and weight, 

 but chiefly age and weight. 



The prices paid on the market for beef animals 

 of the various classes depend primarily on the 

 quality of the animal and market finish, and second- 

 arily on its size, appearance and conformation. 

 The standard for the market classes of beef animals 

 is obviously on a rather different basis than that 

 of horses. Nevertheless, it is of prime impor- 

 tance for the beef raiser to make himself thorough- 

 ly acquainted with the market requirements for the 

 different classes of beef animals in order that he 

 may take measures to produce the best possible 

 quality of animal, and be able to estimate the value 



