FARM ANIMALS 181 



been tried for driving flies away from cows and for 

 exterminating them in the vicinity of stables. In 

 Kansas the best results have been had from spray- 

 ing cows with a mixture containing one-half pound 

 of resin, two cakes of laundry soap, one-half pint 

 of fish oil and enough water to make three gallons. 

 The effectiveness of this mixture is somewhat 

 increased by adding one-half pint of kerosene. 

 This insecticide costs about seven or eight cents 

 per gallon and one half pint is enough for one 

 application for a cow. At the height of the fly 

 season it may be necessary to give three applications 

 a week. The general question of flies in the dairy 

 has been studied in Connecticut, where it was 

 found that the annoyance caused by flies appears 

 to have been somewhat overestimated. In Connect- 

 icut, as in Kansas, the most attention was given 

 to horn flies and stable]flies, and numerous remedies 

 were tested on the recommendation of those who 

 had tried them in Connecticut, Wisconsin and 

 other dairy states. These remedies included many 

 proprietary ones, all of which appeared to be 

 reasonably effective although somewhat expensive. 

 In Virginia the application of ordinary kerosene 

 emulsion to cows during the season when they were 

 badly attacked by horn flies was found to be most 

 effective and the cheapest remedy of all those 

 which could be easily applied to cows. 



Methods of Milking. -It is a well-known fact 

 that the first streams of milk that come from the 

 cow contain a very low percentage of fat, one per 

 cent, or even less, while the strippings may contain 

 as high as twelve per cent, of milk fat. This fact 

 shows how important it is to secure all of the milk 

 which has been secreted at each milking. In 

 order to do this a number of practical schemes have 



