FARM ANIMALS 187 



hands and clothes of milkers, and unsanitary 

 milking utensils. Thus, from actual tests, a 

 sample of milk which contained one hundred 

 and fifty-three thousand bacteria per cubic inch 

 when examined first, contained five hundred and 

 forty thousand per cubic inch after one hour, 

 one million after seven hours, and eighty-five 

 million after twenty-four hours. If the bacteria 

 in the milk are not particularly harmful ones 

 which do not produce any disease, the milk is 

 not greatly to be feared, except in view of the 

 fact that it may produce slight digestive dis- 

 turbances. Where, however, the cow is affected 

 with tuberculosis or garget or where the milkers 

 are affected with scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhoid 

 fever, or tuberculosis or come in contact with 

 persons suffering with these diseases, the question 

 of milk supply becomes a very serious one. In 

 hundreds of instances milk has thus become 

 the agent for the carrying of typhoid, scarlet 

 fever, diphtheria, and tuberculosis to children and 

 adults. The milk of tuberculous cows is always 

 dangerous as human food and that from cows 

 suffering from garget is not only highly repulsive 

 on account of the fact that it contains actual 

 pus, but it is dangerous on account of the fact 

 that it produces serious cases of diphtheritic sore 

 throat or other throat troubles. In marketing 

 milk, it is necessary to adopt some standard of 

 excellence, and dairymen who desire to furnish 

 a wholesome product naturally bear these facts 

 in mind. Pure milk from a bacteriological stand- 

 point should contain less than ten thousand 

 bacteria per cubic centimeter and must be ab- 

 solutely free from disease germs and pus. The 

 actual number of bacteria found in samples of 



