FARM ANIMALS 215 



tious feed for hogs at an economic rate, but 

 serves to maintain a proper state of the digestive 

 organs in pigs and furnishes them with the needed 

 amount of exercise. In some instances where 

 pen feeding and pasture feeding have been com- 

 pared, the most economic gains have been made 

 by feeding pigs in pens. The majority of experi- 

 ments, however, show clearly that hogs must 

 have sufficient exercise to enable them to maintain 

 their appetite. Under ordinary circumstances no 

 extra amount of care or feeding can take the 

 place of this natural requirement. 



Roots. As already stated a large variety of 

 roots and fruits may be profitably fed to pigs. 

 According to extensive experiments by Canadian 

 feeders who have given much attention to this 

 subject roots and similar foods are rated in the 

 following order according to their palatability 

 and value as pork producers. Artichokes, po- 

 tatoes, sugar beets, mangels, carrots, turnips, 

 apples, pumpkins, kohl rabi, cabbage and ensi- 

 lage. These feeds, while furnishing much val- 

 uable nutriment and succulence and aiding the 

 digestion, must be fed to the extent of five hun- 

 dred to one thousand pounds to equal one hundred 

 pounds of mixed meal in the production of pork. 

 Naturally, only spoiled or windfall apples will be 

 used in feeding pigs. Similarly with cabbage, 

 the best part of the crop is too expensive for feed- 

 ing. Other roots, however, may be fed to hogs 

 under ordinary conditions with profitable returns. 

 Apples merely constitute a maintenance ration for 

 swine. In Oregon it was found that three shoats 

 eight months old ate one thousand, one hundred 

 and nineteen pounds of apples in fifteen days. 

 At the end of that time, however, they began to 



