March, 1919] Temperatures of Ten Thousand Smokes 



271 



No. 25. T. 274 C. X, S 59 E. IX, N 67 E. Needle Peak, N 64 E. 



This was on the line of sand fissures that extends across the north 

 end of ^the Valley from Pasture Peak to Station IX. It may be taken 

 as typical of many similar fumaroles which are gradually increasing 

 in size because wind-blown sand continually lodges around their throats. 

 At first caught by the moisture of the steam, this is later cemented 

 together by the emanations from the fumarole, forming showy layers 

 of many hues. The insides of the throats are hard baked yellow. 

 Round about were spots covered with a thin green layer of alga? (?). 

 Photograph 3739. 



Photograph by Jasper D. Say re 



ONE OF THE ORIFICES IN THE LINE CALLED, COLLECTIVELY, 



"AREA 14." 



The temperature in the throat of this particular hole was 299 C. 

 Another nearby registered 406 C. 



No. 26. T. 196 C. 500 yards N 68 E from No. 25. 



Similar to No. 25 in appearance and construction, being built up of 

 wind blown ash, caught by the steam. Its hard baked throat was 

 quite alone and not surrounded by any smaller cracks or crevices. The 

 temperature was 196 C. Photographs 2141, 4140. 



No. 27. T. 100 C. 50 yards East of No. 26. 



Although similar to Nos. 25 and 26 in appearance and apparently 

 as hot, this fumarole was much cooler and gave off much more steam 

 than either one of the foregoing. It was not until we unpacked our 

 pyrometer that we found that its temperature was only 100 C., other- 

 wise we would not have stopped here. There was no conspicuous 

 color in the throat, but the steam bathed ash was covered with a greenish 

 crust. Collections of this ash are being cultured for algas and moss 

 protonema. 



