26 GUIDE TO DAIRYING IN SOUTH AFRICA 



well sprung, showing a deep barrel in which to 

 hold and digest the food which her strong jaws 

 will consume. The chest should be broad, with 

 girth large round the heart and plenty of lung 

 space to make use of the fresh air which her wide 

 nostrils will take up and so manufacture the life- 

 blood from which the milk is derived. She should 

 have a broad, strong loin, with hips wide apart 

 and the backbone Vising quite high between them. 



BACKBONE 



BACKBONE 



Dairy Type. Beef Type. 



This is a strong point and shows where the dairy type 

 differs from the beef type when viewed from behind. 



These figures are somewhat exaggerated, but 

 standing beside the animal and holding a stick 

 horizontally at right angles to the backbone it will 

 be found that in the dairy type the hip bones will 

 be a few inches below the level of the backbone, 

 while in a beef type the backbone and hips are on 

 a level the amount of flesh on the two animals 

 making no difference. 



This indicates plenty of room for the organs of 

 maternity ; for, as Professor C. L. Beach, of Con- 

 necticut Experiment Station, says : 



