AILMENTS OF COWS AT CALVING TIME 69 



It has been thought that carbolic acid given 

 internally was of great benefit, but Dr. A. H. 

 Hortwig, of Wisconsin, U.S.A., says 



" We may also increase the resistance of all the 

 cows by means of food rich in nitrogen and by the 

 giving of iron tonics. Subcutaneous injections of 

 a two-per-cent. solution of carbolic acid have been 

 experimented with, which have given variable results. 

 Theoretically carbolic acid seems to be inefficient ; 

 in the organism it is rapidly transformed into sulpho- 

 phenic acid, which is without effect." 



A vaccine has now been discovered for dealing 

 with contagious abortion, and is obtainable from 

 the Union Government Veterinary Department, 

 Pretoria. 



In cases of abortion, however, the precautionary 

 measures afore-mentioned should not be neglected, 

 even if the vaccine is used. 



Assistance at Parturition. 



Sometimes valuable cows are kept stalled, and 

 have to bring down their young under observation. 

 When this is so the cow should be in a loose box 

 with a small window, but should not be disturbed 

 more than is absolutely necessary. Noise or loud 

 talking, or a bright light, may seriously affect par- 

 turition. If foaling or calving boxes are used it is 

 advisable to make them round, avoiding corners. 

 Should the cow lie down in an awkward position 



