yUADRUMANA. 15 



brows, broad nose, wide mouth, straight, dark hair, and 

 a skin varying from chocolate-brown to black. The 

 Australians and Papuans may truly be considered among 

 the lowest specimens of the human family. 



The American race includes all the aboriginal inhab- 

 itants of America except the Esquimaux. The native 

 American head resembles that of the Mongolian, but is 

 more rounded than the latter ; the forehead is low and 

 narrow, cheek-bones high, the hair straight and black, 

 the body of good size and well-proportioned, and the 

 complexion copper-colored. The members of this race 

 are active, but not capable of long-continued hard labor. 

 Though some tribes exhibit a good deal of ingenuity, as 

 a race they have never made much progress in the arts 

 of civilized life. 



SUB-SECTION II. 



THE ORDER OF QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS. 



THE Order of Quadrumana comprises all animals pop- 

 ularly known as apes, baboons, and monkeys. As the 

 name indicates, they have their four extremities hand- 

 like, the fingers being long and flexible, and the thumb 

 opposable to the fingers. Some of the animals of this 

 order bear a general resemblance to the members of the 

 human family ; but there are the widest differences be- 

 tween the highest of the Quadrumana and Man, even 

 when physically considered. The erect posture is natural 

 to Man ; not so with any of the Quadrumana. Although 

 some of them may stand, and even walk, somewhat erect, 

 it is an unnatural and insecure position, the foot then 

 resting on its outer edge only, arid their narrow pelvis 

 being unfavorable to an equilibrium. Their so-called 

 hands, it is true, resemble human hands ; but although 

 admirably adapted to grasping and climbing, they are 



