148 VERTEBRATES: BIRDS. 



The Genus Campephilus comprises Woodpeckers which 

 have the bill considerably longer than the head, feet large, 

 tail long and cuneate, wings long and pointed, the color 

 black with white patches, and the head with a pointed 

 crest. 



The Ivory-billed Woodpecker, C. principalis, Gray, of 

 the Southern States, is twenty-one inches long, the wing 

 ten inches, the bill ivory-white, the body glossy-black, a 

 stripe on each side of the neck and markings upon the 

 wings white, and the crest scarlet. The female is with- 

 out red upon the head, and with two spots of white on 

 the end of the outer tail feather. This bird moves from 

 the top of one tree to that of another by a single sweep, 

 forming a most elegant curve. Its notes are clear and 

 loud, yet plaintive. It makes its nest in the trunk of 

 a live tree, in a hole which the male and female exca- 

 vate by their mutual labor. 



The Imperial Woodpecker, C. imperialis, of Mexico and 

 Central America, is very similar to the preceding one, but 

 larger. 



The Genus Picus comprises small Woodpeckers which 

 have the bill about equal in length to the head, or a little 

 longer, and the lateral ridges conspicuous; the colors 

 black and white. The four first mentioned below have 

 the middle of the back longitudinally streaked with white, 

 the under parts white, and a narrow red nuchal band ; 

 and the first two have the outer tail feathers pure white. 



The Hairy Woodpecker or Sapsucker, P. villosus, Linn., 

 of North America, is eight to eleven inches long, and, in 

 addition to the above characteristics, has the wing cov- 

 erts and innermost secondaries conspicuously spotted 

 with white. 



Harris's Woodpecker, P. Harrisii, Aud., from the east- 

 ern slope of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, is nine 

 and a half inches long, and, in addition to the above 



