266 VERTEBRATES: BIRDS. 



The Genus Bernicla has the teeth of the upper man- 

 dible mainly concealed ; bill and legs black. 



The Canada or Wild Goose, B. canadensis, Boie, of 

 North America, is thirty-five inches long, and the wing 

 eighteen inches ; the upper parts brownish, the lower 

 parts lighter ; the head, neck, bill, and feet black. It 

 spends the winter in the warmer regions, but in spring 

 moves northward in large flocks. Their spring migra- 

 tions usually take place from the 2Oth of March to the 

 last of April, but are wholly dependent upon the state 

 of the season. They breed at the North, and linger there 

 till the hard frosts warn them that the lakes and streams 

 will soon be frozen over. 



The White-cheeked Goose, B. leutopareia, Cass., of the 

 western coast of America, has the general appearance of 

 the preceding, but is darker and somewhat smaller. 



Hutchins's Goose, B. Hutchinsii, Bonap., of the north- 

 ern and western portions of North America, closely re- 

 sembles B. canadensis, but is only thirty inches long. 



The Brant, B. brenta, Steph., of the Atlantic coast of 

 North America and Europe, is twenty-three and a half 

 inches long, the wing twelve and three quarters inches ; 

 bill, feet, head, neck, and fore part of the body, primary 

 quills and tail, black. On each side of the neck there 

 is a small white crescent streaked with black. 



The Black Brant, B. nigricans, Cass., of the Pacific 

 coast of North America, is twenty-nine inches lo.ng, and 

 the wing nearly fourteen inches. 



The Barnacle Goose, B, leucopsis, Linn., of Europe, is 

 twenty-eight inches long, and the wing seventeen inches. 



The Genus Chloephaga is represented by the Painted 

 Goose, C. canagica, Bonap., of the Aleutian Islands. 



The Genus Deudrocygna has the bill much longer than 

 the head, neck and legs very long, and feet very large. 



The Long-legged Duck, D. autumnalis, Eyton, of the 



