1887. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



35 



that are striped or splashed with red in its differ- 

 ent tints and shades, form another distinct elai^s, 

 and also tlie largest. 



Tliat peculiarity whicli we call russet fomis 

 the third class as reyrards color, and is most puz- 

 zling. Koxbury is usually distinct enough, but 

 varies with the conditions of (frowth and climate. 

 I have seen Pryor sometimes heavily russeted, 

 and again as brightly striped as Ben Davis. There 

 are more or less russet marks on nearly all varie- 

 ties, and especially about the cavity, which is 

 indeed a very good truide to their identity. In 

 some it gives a sort of bronzed ajipearance. An- 

 other form is a .sort of leather-cracked appear- 

 ance about the basin, peculiar to very few kinds. 

 One of the most peculiar marks is what might 

 be called pin-scratches, running from stem to 

 eye, notably on Tallman and rarely on Keswick. 

 They never exceed five, and in the Northern 

 climates are much more distinct than in the South 

 and West. Not to be overlooked is what we call 

 bloom. The Russian varieties and the Crabs are 

 almost invariably covered with it; it is a reliable 

 mark of identity. Another characteristic is a 

 gi'ayish white coating, such as is seen in strijies 

 upcm White Pippin and White Winter Pearraain. 

 Sometimes it is suffused with other colors, giv- 

 ing a dull color to otherwise bright skin. 



The size of all fruits is so varied that we must 

 not lay too much stress upon this point. We see 

 Lady Apples as big sis a\erage Maiden's Blush, 

 and Fallawater the same size; then we are foi-ced 

 to depend on shape, or almost any other indica- 

 tion. Apples may be graded as very small, small, 

 medium, large, and very large. 



The STE.M is with some kinds a constant mark, 

 but it often fails to be so. It may be short, 

 medium, or long, and stout or slender. Occas- 

 ionally there is a pulpy growth upon the stem, 

 which may be denoted as fleshy. The points of 

 resemblance between the pomes are so close that 

 but little deviation is necessary, and a repetition 

 of descriptions will be avoided whenever possible. 

 The Pear. Form. May be described as for the 

 Apple, except that many kinds are pyriform, 

 instead of " conical," and turbinate or top-shaped 

 is very common. Some, like Kieffer, which taper 

 towards both ends, may be called biconical. The 

 definitions of the stem end or apex, as it should 

 be called in most Pears, may be simplj' pointed 

 like Tyson, depressed as the Angouleme, or with 

 the stem deeply sunken, when it resembles the 

 "cavity" of the Apple. Most of the Asiatic 

 Peal's are thus fonued. 



The core differs from that of the Apple in 

 being sometimes hai'd and giitty. 



(."^OLOR. As to this, there is an almost entire 

 absence of striping with plain colors, exceptions 

 being found in some kinds, especially when 

 grown well to the North. 



The stem has a tendency to be set at an angle 

 to the a.vis of the fruit, being then termed in- 

 clined. The flesh is apt to be buttery, melting, 

 and often granular. 



The Quince \aries but slightly in form. Some 

 have a plainly defined neck. Some are more 

 angular than others, but all are slightly so. In 

 size they vary quite decidedly. The season of 

 ripening gives little clew to the name. 

 (7V> he cinicluded next month.) 



How 1 Crow My Chrysanthemums. 



[.-1 paper by George Trussell before the Montreal 

 Horticultural Society.} 



This paper was written iu confonnity with 

 the contlition.s upon which the first prize 

 wa.s awarded on Clirysanthemums, the 

 plants having been brought into bloom 

 without the aid of a greenhouse. It may 

 therefore, be accepted as evidence of wliat 

 can be accomplished with limited facilities. 



I do not pretent to gi\e anything new. The 

 cuttings were put in early— some in February, 

 some in March, and potted them in 4 inch pots; 

 as soon as they required shifting they got ti inch 

 pots, and four weeks after they got 10 inch pots. 

 The soil was of well rfitted manure and sods. 

 Sufficient drainage was given, this being an im- 

 portant point. 



If large plants are required the}' must, from 

 April 1st to July 1st, be pinched about twice a 

 week to keep them bushy. The Japanese varie- 

 ties are inclined to grow u[)right, and with these 

 the system of management matters little. 



About June 1st the pots were put outside in 

 rows sufficiently distant from one another to 

 allow a man to pass between, taking care not to 

 let the plants rofit through the pots; to prevent 

 which they were moved (tnce or twice a week. I 



recommend training, giving each branch the 

 support of a stake to i)re\ent it from breaking 

 with the wind and rains. 



Chrysanthemiuns are xigorous fec^dere. I sup- 

 plied them with liquid maiuiro at. least three 

 times a week; they were also well watered, to 

 prevent (lagging. To prevent Ulack Fly I stfeped 

 Tobacco stems in water and syringed the plants. 



The stimulant used was chiefly cow manure 

 placed in a tub of wat«r, and staljlc maunre 

 placed in a basket set iu water. About the end 

 of September 1 erected a hou.se to keep the plants 

 from freezing. I chose the south side of a 

 fence, and placed the end of a 13-foot scantling 

 on the top rail, the other end resting on a similar 

 scantling in front about .S feet from the ground, 

 using no boards in the structure; the feme thus 

 formed the back, and one end. After nailing 

 bags along the front to keep out the cold, 1 placed 

 hot-bed lights on the top, and put a box sto\'e in- 

 side to heat the jilacc when reiiuired. I continued 

 to cut the bloom until near Christmas, 



Horticulture at Canada's Exposition 

 at Toronto. 



Tliis fair was denominated the greatest 

 that had ever been held by the society. For 

 the horticultural department the new and 

 tasteful structure recently erected, although 

 of considerable dimensions, proved quite 

 inadequate for holding the exhibits. 



The display of flowers, excepting in cut bloomsi 

 was excellent, but still hardly up to what should 

 have been expected in a city of the wealth and 

 size of Toronto. But as this exhibit was so far 

 ahead of its predecessors, we hope to see improve- 

 ment at future shows. Cut flowers were superb, 

 and were a show in themselves. Foliage plants 

 were particularly fine, especially the Begonias. 

 Tropical plants were numerous, and included a 

 magnificent Cactus, about eight feet high. 



The fruit exhibit met all expectations and more, 

 being, as it was, the best display by far which has 

 yet been seen in ('ana<la, and we might almost go 

 so far as to say in America. These fruitgrowers, 

 thanks to the Fruitgrowers' Association, are 

 awakening to the importance of their calling, and 

 seem determined to show the public what they 

 are capable of growing. To hold the exhibit two 

 large additional tents had to be put up, one for 

 Apples and the other for Pears. Such perfect 

 and fine specimens of this fruit, <]f nearly every 

 variety, were delightful t( 1 see. That well-known 

 poraologist, Dr. Beadle, who was one of the 

 judges, gloried in his work, and proudly declared 

 that it was one of the finest displays of Apples he 

 had ever seen. 



Pcai-s were grand, more particularly in the 

 large French \'arieties, which were equal to any 

 we have seen. All the tables in the large tent 

 allotted to their use were completely filleil. 

 Peaches and Plums made a most tempting dis- 

 play. The long wide benches devoted to this 

 department were filled to their utmost capacity 

 with noble specimens. 



But the show of Grapes eclipsed all other de- 

 partments. It was simply perfect. Nearly ever.v 

 variety was on exhibition. " You don't grow 

 those out-of-doors in this country, do you y " in- 

 quired an BngUsh visitor. " But we do, though," 

 was the rei(iinder. The enquirer seemed doubt- 

 ful as to whether he was being fooled, and went 

 off remarking, " Haw ! we can only do so under 

 glass, you know." 



The Floral Hall has been placed among taste- 

 fully arranged flower-beds and walks, adding 

 much to its appearance, the whole forming a 

 \ery pretty picture. The horticultural exhibit 

 in itself was worth going a long distance to see. 



State Fair IVleeting of the Ohio State 

 Horticultural Society. 



After the usual custom this meeting took 

 place on Wednesday evening of the State 

 Fair week at Columbus. Gen. S. H. Plurst, 

 the new president, occu])ie(l the chair and 

 delivered an interesting inatigural address. 



In his address the president alluded to the 

 far-reaching good of the State Society to the 

 4,1100,000 people of Ohio, remarking that the 

 health and happiness of the people demand that 

 their wants for horticultural products shall be 

 met with such fullness and variety as our great 

 army of fruit growers cau supply. The improve- 

 ments and additions of new varieties, especially 

 in early and late fruits, have more than doubled 

 the length of the sejison our fathei's knew; there 



is still a wide field before us. The true road is 

 that which blends intelligence with labor and, in 

 a large sense, love for the work. 



The present .>'car has been one of special dis- 

 couragenieut, excepting only a few countries in 

 the extreme northeast where there was a partial 

 crop, they having in part escaped the freeze 

 which killed Apple and Peach blooms elsewhere. 

 ('onsider.ing the general .xevere <lrought the 

 State Fair exhibits are most creditable. For two 

 years we have been looking forward to our great 

 centennial celebration. One hundred years of 

 labor, courage and faith, of growth, development 

 and advancement. • 



Shall we not beautify that pictured monument 

 with the golden fruitage of our orchards— the 

 purple cUhsters of our vineyards— anil the blos- 

 soming glory of our gardens and conscr\'atories 'i" 

 Shall not this society as such prove to the people 

 of the State that in that grand industrial jubilee 

 no class shaU lead im't Into this lic-ld you are 

 invited. Let us plant, prune, and fertilize and 

 train, and gather and combine, so that with the 

 work of our hands we shall help to build that 

 wondeful monument which shall mark the ad- 

 vancement of civilization during the first <'entury 

 of the life of our State. 



After the president's remarks, a centennial 

 committee of five was appointed, with instruc- 

 tions to report at the next meeting, to be held at 

 Toledo on the 30th of December next. 



Mr. Ford, of Itavenna, showed some pictures of 

 the Crandell Currant, a black variety, and some 

 jam from the fruit. This \ariety, it is believed, 

 has some value above other Black Currants for 

 general use. 



Mr. Irons called attention to Mr. S. 1{. Moon's 

 seedling Peach on exhibition. The Peach is of 

 beautiful color, sweet, and of good quality, with 

 yellow flesh. It was thought better and a little 

 earlier than Crawford's Early, a hardy tree and 

 abundant bearer. 



The Witt Grape was shown for the originator 

 by Mr. Campbell, who had visited the vine in 

 bearing, and found it apparently a Concord 

 white seedling of good aiipearance and good 

 quality, vine healthy and hardy. This variety 

 received the premium at the State fair as the 

 best new seedling two years ago. The Grai)es 

 passed around tor tasting seemed to meet with 

 much approval. Mr. Albaugh said it had been 

 stated that the Witt Grape is the Lady. Secretary 

 Campbell stated that they are quite distinct in 

 many respects. 



A small, black, early Grape, grown from a 

 cutting brought by Mr. Weltz from Russia, was 

 also exhibited by Mr. J. Linxweiler. Mr. Weltz 

 thought it of fine quality, though small; perfectly 

 hardy. He had others from the same source, 

 which he thought would prove valuable. Mr. 

 Crawford presented some specimens of the new 

 White J&ssica, from Canada, which he was very 

 favorably impressed with, finding it of fine qual- 

 ity, hardy, prolific and early, and about the size 

 of the Delaware. He als() presented specimens 

 of the Potter Grape, originated at Providence, 

 B. I., some six or eight years ago, but had not 

 been dtsseminated to any extent; a hardy Grape 

 of the Concord cla.ss, very sweet, productive, and 

 with good foliage. Mr. Crawford had found it 

 very good and very early. 



The Bulb Gardens of Holland, by a 



Recent Visitor. 



[Prom a paper by Robert T. Farquhur, of Boston, be- 

 fore tlie Qarfiener's a-ntl Floriat's Club of his City.] 



Haarlem is the center of the bulb growing 

 district. On our way hither we noted that 

 tlie .soil of Holland is generally of a sandy 

 nature, with clay subsoil. 



The offices of many of the bulb liealei'S arc in 

 the town proper, the grounds several miles out. 

 Many ha^e but little ground of their own, but 

 buy of fai'mei-s, many of whom raise tar more 

 bulbs than some dealers who issue catalogues, 

 but from want of education or enterprise have 

 to depend for a market on these speculatoi-s. As 

 education has of late become more general, 

 many new firms are in the English and Ameri- 

 ican markets,offering bulbs, and prices have 

 been lowered, very much to the aruKj.vance of 

 the wealthy old bulb growers. But although 

 the profits of the old and extensive firms have 

 been cut down, they possess the undeniable ad- 

 vantages of crpfricHoc, and the land best suited 

 for bulbs. Besiiles, as they grow immense 

 iiuantities, and being wealthy, can wait for re- 

 turns, they supply better matured and more 

 healthy bulbs on a general order than smaller 



