1887. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



59 



tected by beiidlUK over and ouveriuj; with soil, while 

 the hardy Hybrid Pei-pi-tuals can be ^'Ivcn a good 

 dressing over the roots of half decayed manure. 



Rhododendrons. The newer plantings ean be treated 

 as advised for Hybrid Perpetual Roses, and may have 

 Evergreen branches placed arr>und them, the butts be- 

 ing set in the ground and the tops secured by stout 

 twine, with a view to shading from the sun. 



Shrubs that have grown but little during the past 

 season to be given a coat of well decayed manure be- 

 fore snow falls. 



Trenching. All new beds, as well as those that have 

 been used for years, will be greatly benefited if 

 deeply trenched. This Is work for late Autumn. 



PLANT CULTURE UNDER GLASS. 



Acacias. Neglect of free watering will cause the 

 loss of both foliage and llowers. Seeds may be sown 

 Ui increase the stock; shift young plants as required. 



Acalyphas. Guard from red spifler. To have these 

 do their best, from now on give them a temperature of 

 from ST) to ftl <legrees, with full exposure to the sun, 

 and liqulrt manure at times. 



AdiaJitums require a warm, moist situation, and a 

 temperature of 55 to W degrees. Young plants to be 

 shifted on as soon as their pots became illled with 

 roots. To ensure success keep in constant growth. 



Alocacias, such as Jeuniugsli, Metalllea, etc., will 

 now be in a state of rest. Don't permit them to be- 

 come absolutely dry at any time. A. arborea at all 

 times should be given a warm, moist atmosphere, and 

 liquid manure freely if fine specimens are desired. 



AUamandas. When growth ceases withhold water 

 somewhat for a little rest. A. nerlfolla will flower 

 right on until spring in a light, sunny situation, with 

 GO degrees of heat, and liquid manure at times. 



Anemone Japonica. As the flowering of Indoor 

 plants ceases, remove to a cool cellar, or place under- 

 neath the shelf; water sparingly from now on. 



Azaleas. Forced plants to have as soon as lu full 

 bloom a cool, dry atmosphere. For succession others 

 should be given a warm situation. The remainder of 

 the stock to be kept in a cool, airy part of the house. 

 Young plants to be pushed forward as rapidly as pos- 

 sible by giving them a warm position. Keep them 

 free from thrlp and red spider. 



Bignonia venusta. Give liquid manure at times. 



Bulbs, such as Hyacinths, Tulijis, Crocus, etc., to 

 come into heat in a light sunny situation and at about 

 55 degrees. Air freely on all favorable occasions. 



Carnations. Air freely on all favorable occasions, 

 syringe occasionally anil also treat to liquid manm'e, 

 but avoid keeping too wet at the roots. 



Camellias. Plants not in bloom to be syringed twice 

 a week. Guard against extremes in watering and 

 temperature to avoid the dropping of buds. 



Centradenias. With indications of bloom, place In 

 a light situation, giving liquid manure at times. 



Chrysanthemums. As soon as they cease blooming 

 cut down and place in a dry cellar, watering sparingly 

 here. See that tlie labels are properly secured. 



Clerodendron fragrans to be given a temperature 

 of from 55 to 60 degrees, with liquid manure occasion- 

 ally. Kinds In a state of rest to be kept dry at the roots. 



Crotons. Let them be kept carefully sponged off. 



Daphne. Treat according to directions for Camellias. 



Deutzia gracilis. A few plants may now be given a 

 light sunny situation for early blooming. 



Dicentra spectabilis. Treat as directed for Deutzia. 



Francisceas. .\s gi-owth commences give warmth 

 and moisture, syringing gently three times a week. 

 Young plants to be shlf tetl on before growth commences. 



Glosinias required for early blooming may be started 

 about the end of the month. 



Heliotrope. Encourage the production of flowers by 

 giving a warm, moist atmosphere and llfjuid manure. 



Insects rc'iuire attention to keep In subjection. 

 Fumigate twice a week to destroy Aphis or Green Fly. 

 Syringe freely to keep down Red Spider. Mealy bug and 

 scale to be removed by washing. As Slugs feed by 

 night they may be captured by the aid of a lantern. 



Mignonette. Blooming plants to be given a light, 

 sunny situation and liquid manure at times. 



Orchids, brides odoi'atum. and other varieties, 

 should be placed In the warmest part of the house, se- 

 lecting a moist, shady situation. Do not permit them 

 to become dry at the roots. Orchids in general require 

 close attention. Those inclining to grow should he 

 given a warm, moist situation. Those at rest to be given 

 a cool atmosphere of not less than 50 degrees. 



Falms to be thoroughly watered as required. Never 

 letting them get dust dry, as some do. 



Pelargonioms. Give a night temperature of 45 de- 

 grees. Keep rather dry, an<l as growth commences 

 train out the shoots so as to obtain bushy specimens. 



Primulas should be carefully watered during dull, 

 damp weather. To water overhead will cause t!ie 

 plant.s to rot off. Air freely with the opportunity. 



Roses. Encourage the blooming plants by gentle 

 dally syringlngs and giving a night temperature of 

 from 55 to 60 degrees. Keep down all Insect pests. 

 Such as were lifted in Septemlier may now be pruned 

 and brought In. Syringe daily until growth commences. 



Stocks. Winter Flowering and Ten Week refjuire a 

 sharp eye to guard against damp and Green-fly. Re- 



move all decaying foliage, fumigate freely and scatter 

 tobacco stems among the plants, renewing frequently. 



Thunbergias. Syringe freely to keep down Red 

 Spider. Hloomlng plants to have a temperature of 

 about ."in degrees. 



Verbenas. Keep In a cool airy place. They like free 

 watering; not overwaterlng. Cuttings may be put in. 



Violets. Stir the soil at times; remove all decrayiug 

 leaves and air as freely as Is safe. 



FRUIT GARDEN ANDORCHARD. 



Bark. Moss or vermin on the bark to be dispelleil by 

 a wash of lime, soot and clay applied with a brusli. 

 Work the brush upwards, for If the reverse many fruit 

 spurs may be destroyed. 



Cuttings of Grapes, Currants and Gooseberries should 

 be protected. If not already done, by well covering with 

 branches of evergreen trees. 



Fruit. Endeavor to keep the fruit room at a temper- 

 ature of from :W to 40 degrees. Ventilate whenever the 

 opportimity offers, and keep a sharp eye for decaying 

 fruit. Carefully as.'iort and market Pears as soon as 

 they show indications of ripening. 



G-rape-vines. If not already pruned, flnlsh Immedi- 

 ately. Secure tiie vines and don't let them beat around 

 in the wind. The vines will do better if they can be 

 laid down and treated as advised for Raspberries, al- 

 though this is not absolutely necessary. 



Manuring. All fruit trees will be materially bene- 

 fited if given a light dressing of well rotted manure 

 every soasou. Now Is an excellent time for applying. 



Rabbits are often destructive to young orchards. To 

 wrap the trunks with tar felt, or cheaper yet, smear 

 blood or fresh liver over them, will prevent this. Mice 

 work under the cover of weeds, snow, eto., barking 

 trees when other food is scarce. Clear the former away; 

 tread down the latter. 



Raspberries. The tender varieties may be laid down 

 and slightly covered with earth. The more hardy sorts 

 can now be given a dressing of well decayed manure 

 or compost over the roots. 



Root grafting may be done whenever the opportimity 

 ofl'ers. Always graft on stocks at the collar and never 

 on bits of roots. Label, pack securely In bo.xesof earth 

 and store In a cool cellar. Guard from rats and mice. 



Scions may now be cut, half burled in sand and 

 placed In a cool cellar. Label securely. 



Strawberry beds to be covered If not ali'eudy done. 



Winter Study. Now that there is comparative leis. 

 ure. growers should study up Improved methods and 

 Ideas, by reading horticultural books and papers, visit- 

 ing and consulting other growers, etc. In fruit locali- 

 ties fruit growers' meetings held monthly or oftener 

 would be found profital)le. Such should be rather 

 Informal in their character. 



VEGETABLE GARDEN. 



Artichoke (Green Globe). If not already done, cover 

 with leaves, salt hay or litter. 



Cabbage, Cauliflower and Lettuce plants in cold 

 frames to be wintered over should be freely aired In 

 mild weather. Remove snow promptly from the 

 sashes, unless the plants are frozen, when it may be 

 permitted to remain for several days. 



Celery. With increasing cold weather gradually give 

 additltmai protection. Leaves or salt hay are excellent 

 for the purpose. By the end of the month a foot of 

 ciiveriuK will be required. 



Digging and trenching of unoccupied ground to be 

 ■proceedetl with at every opportunity. This is usually 

 considered unprofitable work, but a small trial will 

 prove it to be of the greatest advantage as regards pro- 

 ductiveness and quality of crop. 



G-eneral. Stakes, poles, etc., for another season's use 

 to be provided promptly. Frames and sashes for spring 

 use to be repaired and repainted. New ones to be made 

 If required. Tools to be repaired. Seeds to be prop- 

 erly cleaned and stored in a dry, cool, airy situation. 



Improvements and alterations abtmt the gardens 

 may yet he made. Where old bushes are to be grubbed 

 up, or underdraiuing or trenching is to be done, this is 

 a suitable time for the work. 



Litter, such as the trimmings of trees and vegetables, 

 should not lay scattered around. It harbors insects 

 antl besides looks slovenly, so remove jn-omptly. 



Manure, Muck, and all available fertilizers should 

 be procured seasonably, and in a sufficient supply. No 

 danger of too much if it be properly applied. 



Onions, Protect from severe frosts; keep in a dry 

 atnK)sphere and a temperature of not over 40 degrees. 



Onions and Shallots sown or planted in Septemljer 

 should l>e treated as advised for Spinach. 



Roots in pits shi>uld have the coverings of earth 

 gradually increased as colder weather approaches; a 

 foot or more of salt hay or leaves placed over one .side 

 of the heap will render easier access in severe weather. 



Spinach. In exposed spots cover with two or three 

 inches of straw or salt hay as soon as ground freezes. 



FRUITS AND VEGETABLES UNDER 

 GLASS. 



Asparagus. Treat as advised below for Rhubarb. 

 Dandelions. As a winter salad, a supply can be 

 secured by treating the plants as advised for Parsley. 



Figs in i>ots or tubs may be brought forward for early, 

 placing in the warmest part of the early grapery. 



Grapes. In the early houses the vines will show 

 signs of growing. Maintain an average temperature 

 of (15 degrees during the night, with a rise of 5 or 10 de 

 grees by day. Secure the new growth as it advances, 

 and see that the borders are well protected by a thick 

 covering of leaves or coarse, littery manure. Vines In 

 the late hou-ses to be pruned, laid down and covcreil 

 up after the leaves fall. 



Lettuce to be sparingly watered during damp, dulj 

 weatlier, air freely on occasion, and keep the (ireen-fty 

 in subjection by gentle fumigations two or three times 

 a week. Remove all decayed leaves. 



Parsley roots lifted and placed lu boxes In November 

 to be given a light, sunny situation, for growth. 



Rhubarb roots lifted in November can now bi' 

 planted lu lioxesand then placed In any warm situation 

 for an early supply. Roots for successhm to be so 

 protected that they can be easily procured as wanted. 



Strawberries niay be brought into heat at any time 

 now. Begin with atemperatureof 45 degrees, gradually 

 Increasing until it reaches (jfl degrees. Gradually In- 

 crease the supply of water as growth advances. Plants 

 for later use to l)e protected from .severe freezings. 



POINTS ABOUT POULTRY. 



Sunflower Seed It is jivnorally (.•nnuock-d thut 

 to lui'd (his is ])r(nlu(.-tive of a tiloss on the pluni- 

 agv of IdwIs not to hv otherwise obtainecl. 



The Point in the Case. < >ne of the great<)st 

 trovibles in feeding poor prraiu, says the Farmers' 

 Home Journal, is not in the loss as compared 

 with ixoi}(\ grain, but in the fact that over-heated 

 or nuisty grain causes many of the diseases 

 which ordinaiily afflict fo\vls. 



A Hint for All Times. Poultry are early i-isers, 

 and they thiive best if an early feed is i>ro\ided. 

 Anyway don't permit them to be huddled in the 

 poultry liouse, nuntrry and thii-sty, for an hour 

 or two after sunrise. If such has been your 

 habit, listen outside of their quarters to-mori'ow 

 morning and judge for yourself if their noisy 

 imi)atience and the venting- of their sjdte upon 

 each other is not an actual loss to you.— Monitor. 



Fines in Poultry-Houses. In bnildmjr for win- 

 ter operations a clicap Hindi- of iiro\ idint>- warmth 

 may be de\'iscd in innstrurting a l»rick tino simi- 

 lar to a grreen-Imuso tiui-, alon^- (tif tlnnr of the 

 house, ending in a stove-pi|)c at the fartlit-st end. 

 Thr heat is secured by altiicliing a grate t<' (he 

 furnace eoinicctcd v. ith the Hue. < hily sullieient 

 heat to keep the temperature ab<ive'freezing is 

 required. This is the time to construct the flue. 



Feed and Drink Vessels. The bottoms of old 

 wash-boilers, which are often thrown away or 

 sold for a few cents, make good feed pans, and if 

 taken care of wilHast for years. I prefer these 

 to w<MPilrn fecil troughs, because you can scour 

 and clean theiu thnrnughly in a few minutes, 

 which you cannot do with wooden troughs, as 

 they get sour in a short time and are nmre liable 

 to spread disease. For drinking \-esscls I take 

 the bottom of an old tea kettle. I cover this up 

 after the water is put in. only leaving a few small 

 snacrs lor the chicks to put their heads through; 

 thereby the w ater will keep clean and cool. I 

 have managed in this way for yeai-s with many 

 chicks, and have not lost one by disease.— X. 



Winter Feeding. A writer in the Country 

 Gentleman, referring to the fact that most, if 

 n<jt all, say in winter the morning meal must be 

 warm. In order to test it, he fed duiing the 

 winter of 1885-86, ground corn, oats and wheat 

 bran scaUled, with wheat, buckwheat, oats and 

 corn during the day. Last winter he gave them 

 nolliing warm; in every other particular the 

 treatment has been the same. The result shown 

 by the egg basket was— for the month of Decem- 

 ber, with only 2.5 per 'cent more fowls. liHi per 

 cent more eggs. His method of feeding young 

 chicks, practiced foi- many years, htus been to 

 feed cracked corn and wheat from the time they 

 come out of the shell (ill old enough to eat the 

 whole grain, and as a result he has liad them lay- 

 ing in t^eptember, live months from hatching. 



About Diseases. Fullj- nine-tenths of these are 

 caused by vermin. Careful in>estigation has es- 

 tablished this as a fact. The comb of a fowl may 

 be considered its health indicati)r. The first 

 Intimation a close obser\-er of his lloek has is the 

 (condition of their combs. Comparatively few 

 birds in their natural wild state die of disease. 

 They have certain ways to keeji theni>elves com- 

 paratively free from lice, "iti are not crowded in 

 a space where oidy ~'5 sliould be; natuix''s (bird) 

 laws are not transgressed, and they tliiivc in 

 health. Domestic fowls are crtiwded, become 

 lousy, get the *' cholera," r4)up, canker, etc— none 

 of which would they ha\'e if Ijee were not prey- 

 ing on their bodies— unless it is roup, whieh is 

 caused by sevenil things. The first time you see 

 a hen moping or refusing to eat, or one with 

 feathei*s rumpled u]), or comb looking dark blue 

 at the end, jack her up and I'tol: for bugs. You 

 will tincl them. (Irease her well with an oint- 

 ment made of lard and sulpiiur under the winps 

 and over the vent and on the head. Perhaps, if 

 you examine the roosts in the hen-house, by tak- 

 ing them up and looking on the under side 

 wherever the roosts rest on anything, you will 

 be astonished to find the liitle led lice"<-ongre- 

 gated tlier<-. These may be termed tlie chinch of 

 the hen-house, as they toriniMit the i'owls at night 

 ami return to their hiding places bel(ire the fowls 

 leave the roosts. The roosts sliould fretiuentiy 

 be washed with coal oil.— American Farmer. 



