8o 



POPULAR CxARDENING. 



January, 



not strong and weU fertilized; but I think, by 

 having a pistillate you are more apt to secure a 

 crossing, and this as a rule gives better fruit. 



Mr. Green.— There is one thing further, in ex- 

 planation, that I think will help to harmonize the 

 two views. I have never examined any so-called 

 pistillate variety in which I found no pollen. 

 They all have a little. Perhaps I may except the 

 Cornelia. It seems to me if there is only a little, 

 in growing out-of-doors, the insects might dis- 

 tribute it so as to fertilize the fruit; but when 

 covered it could not be thus distributed. I do 

 not believe the wind has much to do with it; I 

 think it is the insects. 



A Wisconsin Method of Covering 

 Raspberries and Blackberries. 



[Jlfi-. Plutnb and others before the State Horticultural 

 Society']. 



The Ripon people have been very success- 

 ful in the practice of laying Raspberry and 

 Blackberry bushes down for winter protec- 

 tion. Their way of laying them down is by 

 the help of a plow, which is run close along- 

 side the row, the dirt being thrown away 

 from the row. The svu-plus wood is re- 

 moved from the bushes. 



A man follows the plow with a spade and after 

 loosening up the earth about the roots on the 

 side towards the furrow he pushes the plants 

 down and covers the top with earth. The roots 

 are like ropes and will not break. Mr. Plumb 

 thinks that this is the most economical way of 

 protecting .Blackberries. Mr. Stone's gi-eat suc- 

 cess with Blackberries was accomplished on poor 

 land. The manure and the cultivation were ap- 

 plied early in the season, and in that way strong 

 canes were secured before winter. He thinks 

 we should take the best protection for the bush- 

 es that we can get. The plowing between the 

 rows does not materially Increase the number of 

 suckers. The plowing may be done as near as 

 possible to the bush and no injury will result. 



Mr. Tuttle stated that his Blackberries had 

 been killed above ground last winter, owiug to 

 their not being protected. Mr. Hoxie was op- 

 posed to the State Society any longer gi\ing 

 countenance to the assei-tion that the Snyder 

 and Stone's Hardy blackberries will do without 

 protection. Mr. Plum stated that he advised a 

 neighbor, who was planting a patch of Black- 

 berries, to keep them cut back to one foot. The 

 neighbor kept them cut below two feet, and 

 they proved a success. Mr. Tuttle stated that he 

 had tried the same plan but met with no success. 

 Mr. JeCEries had pinched the Stone's Hardy back, 

 but had not protected It, and it had been killed. 



Annual IVleeting of tlie IVlichigan 

 Horticultural Society. 



Best Winter Apples for Home Use. Discussion 

 was opened by Mr. Garfield, who thought one of 

 the best was the Oakland. With him it was a 

 better keeper than the Spy, Jonathan or Baldwin; 

 a good bearer and fine grower. 



Mr. Lyons.— The Shiawasse Beauty is a fruit 

 that deserves mention in this catalogue; better 

 than the Fameuse, of which it is a seedling, resists 

 scab more perfectly and is a better keeper. 



E. C. Phillips.— My List of Apples for this pur- 

 pose is Jonathan, Wagner, Ked Canada, Northern 

 Spy, Shiawasse Beauty and Greening. 



Geo. P. Petfer, Wisconsin.— The Red Canada we 

 can grow pretty successfully within 30 miles of 

 Lake Michigan, even on our side of the lake. 

 The Wealthy is a good variety but overbeai-s, 

 and thus becoming reduced in vitality it suc- 

 cumbs to severe winters. Clark's Orange, some- 

 what like Fameuse in its tendency to scab, but 

 is a valuable sort with us; Pewaukee is a very 

 good sort for our climate. 



Mr. PearsaU.- 1 think no list of Michigan Ap- 

 ples is complete without the old Greening. 



Prof. Bailey.— Don't leave out the Westfield 

 (Seek no Further). I put it my cellar in prefer- 

 ence to everything else. It is hai-dy, a good 

 bearer, and although not handsome, it is like 

 some plain featured people, good iiLside. 



Mr. Peffer— And it is hardier than the Spy. 



Mr. Lyon.— I should dislike to leave out of this 

 list the Golden and Roxbury Russets. They 

 complete the round of the season until we have 

 Strawberries from our own vines. 



W. W. Tracy, Detroit.— No early winter Apple 

 equals the Hubbardston. It is not showy enough 



for market; growei"S know enough not to try to 



sell the product, for it is unexcelled for house 



use. Several othei-s sti'ongly endorsed the same. 



Mr. Peffer.— Perry Russet is of considerable 

 value. It needs a dry atmosphere, hence does 

 better on knolls, while the Golden Russet thrives 

 better on lower, more mftist ground. 



Mr. Lyon.— I wish to speak a good word for 

 Morton's Melon. It is of excellent fiuality. 



R. D. Graham.— Grime's Golden is a favorite 

 Apple for home use with me. It is of good quahty, 

 medium size, handsome in color, a good keeper 

 and fair bearer. 



Mr. Lyon.— I supposed it to be a shy bearer. 



Prof. Bailey.— It is as productive as the average 

 of winter sorts that ai-e dessert Apples. 



Prof. Satterlee.— I would place Northern Spy 

 nearer the end of Mr. Phillips' Ust. 



Prof. Bailey.— The Mother is worthy a high 

 place in the list. 



Prof. Satterlee.— How about the McClellan? I 

 have seen it at fans and admired it. 



Prof. Bailey.— It is an Apple of the Seek no 

 Further type, and even better in some point*. 



A Winmnsin Method of Covering Blackbet-rles, 

 ete.. heyinninsi hy Plowing a Furrmv. 



Vegetables. Mr. Root, Ohio.— When I was a 

 lad I was turned over to my mother to tend gar- 

 den. We made the garden a source of profit that 

 surprised the natives. I stUl garden for the fun 

 of it. But my surplus is sold to those less for- 

 tunate, and it is delivered by wagon in a fresh 

 condition. We have proven that Peas are at 

 their best when shelled and cooked immediately 

 after picking, and Strawberries are worth a or 4 

 cents a quai't more when picked fi'esh from the 

 vines. I make some money by taking advantage 

 of these facts. Another strong point in am- 

 ateur gardening is the stimulus given to little 

 people in the work. 



Prof. Bailey .—It is a mistake to place the money 

 out<.'ome too prominently in advance of the heart 

 work of the occupation. I want my students to 

 absorb a love for garden operations, so that in 

 whatever occupation they may engage they will 

 carry this love for the garden with them. 



Robert Graham.— I wish to say a word about 

 quality in vegetables. You cannot get it in a 

 muck bed; you may grow large and beautiful 

 samples on well tilled muck, but the highest 

 quality and best keepers are secured on uiiland. 

 Of couree it is more expensive growing on high 

 land, and in dry seasons some failures ensue 

 when the best conditions are not to be had, but 

 the best vegetables are grown there. 



Prof. Bailey.— One of the surest and most 

 profitable crops I have is grown in spent hot- 

 beds. I have paid for the sash by this catch crop. 



Prof. Satterlee.— I get a good deal of satisfac- 

 tion from a .small area de\ oted to a garden on 

 a city lot. As a supplement to close otBce work 

 there is nothing better than the care of a garden. 



Robert Graham.— There is everything in the 

 selection of a good site and soil for a garden, and 

 in a dry season it is important that vegetables 

 have room to gi'ow. Oversize is to be deprecated. 



Mr. Garfield.— And yet it is the big vegetables 

 that take the money at the fairs. 



Landscape Gardening and Other Points. Mr. 

 Peffer.— In Wisconsin we are dropping out all 

 unnecessary road and division fences in cities 

 and villages. This improves the api)earance of 

 the homes and makes better neighboi'S. 



Prof. BaUey.— Here in East Saginaw are some 

 capital illustrations of the desirability of remo\-- 

 ing front and division fences. With a fine mar- 

 gin of grass between the walk and the pavement 

 the street is given the appearance of a boulevard, 

 when actually the road bed is but 30 feet wide. 



Dr. Whiting.— The removal of front fences is 

 all very nice if one is forgetful of how soon his 

 fine plants will be stolen, his flowei-s destroyed 

 and his premises despoiled by maraudeis. 



C. T. Huseucranz.— I am glad that I \\\e where 

 good fences are kept up. With regard to depreda- 



tions of small boys, I can illustrate how I have 

 succeeded with them. A crowd was found ap- 

 propriating some hard worthless Apples. I ex- 

 plained that I did not allow people to take Apples, 

 but if they had asked I would have allowed them 

 pockets full of fine Benoui Apples. This state- 

 ment spread and I had no further trouble. 



Mr. Tracy.— My way is to turn upon the boys 

 and show that they have rights worthy of my 

 respect. Many children disrespect the rights of 

 others through not possessing things of their 

 very own, and over which they have absolute 

 control. A word about lawns. I have watched 

 a good many lawn makers in Detroit; the rule is 

 to smooth off the yard which has been tilled with 

 dirt from the excavation of the cellar, then steal 

 some sod out in the suburbs, lay it down and set 

 the sprinkler going, giving it just enough water 

 to keep the green color in the leaves. This always 

 results in disappointment. It pays to prepare the 

 soil deeply, then either turf or seed. I prefer 

 the latter, and when water is given soak the 

 ground as good rain would do. Tills induces the 

 grass to root deeply and renders the lawn per- 

 manently able to resist a drought. 



Prof. Bailey.— Thorns are valuable for decora- 

 tive purposes; (1), on account of showy flowers 

 (3), leaf character (3), attractive fruit (4), delight- 

 ful habit of the plants. The last two are the 

 strongest points. The large-fruited Thorn (Cock 

 Spur) drops its fruit early, because of the invest- 

 ment of insects, and so loses a strong point that 

 would otherwise be in its favor. The small-fruited 

 species have not this fault, for they hold their 

 fruit into winter. The forms of Thorns are very 

 marked and attractive, even in winter when 

 foUage and even fruit are gone. These trees are 

 somewhat difficult t<> transplant and also difficult 

 to start from seed; they germinate very slowly. 

 By stratification of the seeds and allowing them 

 to remain a year one can have fair success. 



Mr. Garfield spoke of Ferns as delightful ac- 

 companiments to the yard. They can be trans- 

 planted easily; would place them in the fore- 

 ground of a clump of shrubbery instead of near 

 the house, so as to be in view from the windows. 



The following points about transplanting were 

 brought out. The best trees are those well grown 

 in the nureery. In getting trees from the forest 

 or in truth in moving large trees from anywhere 

 it is well to prepare a year before hand by cutting 

 a trench about the tree and flUing it with light- 

 Utter; then by careful removal the check v\ill be 

 very sbght. Tramping the earth about the roots 

 was mentioned as important. The character of 

 the day was more important than the season. 



The Summer Propagation of Roses. 



(Continued froyii page 54.) 



Best Varieties. The prime requisites for a 

 good bedding Rose are: 1st, color, form, 

 size, texture of bloom. 2d, vigor of growth 

 and healthy leafage. 3d, freedom and con- 

 tinuity of bloom. The best twenty-flve ever- 

 blooming Roses for bedding purposes meas- 

 ured by the above standard are: La France, 

 Perle des Jai'dins, Catharine Mermet, Marie 

 Guillott, Sou. de la Malmaison, Marie Van 

 Houtte, Mme. Gabriel Drevet, The Bride, 

 Sou. d'un Ami, Countess de la Barth (or 

 Duchess de Brabant i, Chas. Rovolli, Mme. 

 Angele Jacquier, Mme. Welche, I..a Princess 

 Vera, Sombreul, Gloire d'Dijon, Comtess 

 of Pembroke, IjCtty Coles, Pierre Guillott, 

 Papa Gontier, Autoine Ferdier, Simset, 

 Mme. Jos. Schwartz, Comtess de Barba- 

 tannes, Hermosa. 



Among the following sorts some possess charms 

 unsurpassed by our first list, and we would not 

 like to see them discarded for little faults of con- 

 stitution or habit; they are; Coquette de Lyon, 

 Mar. Robert, Mme. Watteville, Mile. F. Kruger, 

 Mme. Cusin, Devonlensis, Mme. Dubroca, Edith 

 Gifford, Camoens, Grace Darling, Comtess Riza 

 du Pare, EtoUe de Lyon, Mme. Jean Sisley,Queen's 

 Scarlet or Agrlppina, Mme. Lombard, Jeanne 

 Abel, Maurice Kuppenheim, Henri Meynadier, 

 Clement Nabbimnand, Mme. Falcot. 



A group of pets of singular beauty, but of not 

 strong constitution, but well worth extra care: 

 Ye Primrose Dame, Valle Chanunmix, Sou. 

 Theresc Level, Mme. Capucine, La Nuance, Prin- 

 cess of Wales, Katie Metchersky, Nathalie Im- 

 bert, Viscountess de Cazes, Comtesse de NadiaUac. 



Of later introductiims to the ever-blooming 

 classes the following, I think, will rank among 

 our standard sorts: Countess Fiigneuse, a beau- 



