i888. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



141 



floirt i-est them at all the first winter, but (iit so 

 the second winter. Most of them will bloom 

 when three years old. They are very ea-sily 

 raised from seed. I liave some ma^nifieent 

 .\mar,\llises in bloom now, an<l from seeil sown 

 in the sprinff of 1H85. The seeds eost me .'» t^ents 

 each: I wouldn't sell the bulbs foi- a dollar each. 

 rvTi.siTS Kack.mosus, p. lU.— 1 should call it ('. 

 canaiiensis and its variety C. e. var. rsiuemosus. 

 1 grow them both. They come in with me about 

 the middle of .January and last till the einl of 

 March. The European article you quote is all 

 rijjrht in Europe, butt'ar too tedious and mj'stei'i- 

 ous for us in America. T grow m.v Cytisuses in 

 this way: In .January, February or March J take 

 cuttiniors of the young wood in the ordinary wa.v 

 and strike them in sand in the ordinai'y way, in 

 a .'*hady part of a warm greenhouse. In tin-ee 

 weeks after being put in the.v are I'oiited; I then 

 pot them off singly into any kind of light soil and 

 keep them near the glass in the greenhouse. 

 About the end of Apnl they are put out into and 

 plunged in frames and slightl.v shaded from 

 sunshine: during the summer months they re- 

 main in frames out-of-doors and covered over 

 with lattice shading, or planted out in the open 

 ground and lifted and potted in September. I 

 winter them in a cool greenhouse. Red spider is 

 their worst enemy. Never let them get very dry 

 at the root. They make capital house plants. 

 One year old plants tjloom: they are in their finest 

 condition when two yeai-s old. They will grow 

 into very old bushes if retained, but I much pre- 

 fer fresh young plants. 



Practical Thoughts on Windbreaks. 



D. N. LONG, ERIE CO., N. V. 



General TTtility. At no other season can the 

 value of a windbreak be so appreciated as in the 

 winter. Its very presence gives to a home a look 

 of ooziness and comfort, while if it be rightly 

 located on the windy side, it serves a most eco- 

 nomical purpose as well, in the sa\-ing of fuel and 

 health, and of feed tor live stock. 



Not only with the present low price of that best 

 of screen trees, the Norway Sjiruce, should all 

 farm buildi ngs he well protected by belts 1 >f these, 

 but it would prove a paying investment to pro- 

 vide lines of such to the windward of each field 

 or lot. Here they would serve the several pur- 

 poses of protecting the crops in the winter by 

 preventing the snow from drifting oir and 

 also from the drying winds and storms of 

 summer. A Spruce wind-break would make 



THE ITASCA. 



an e.i(cellcnt line fence, that would last a life- 

 time, and would often save over-winter crops 

 from heaving, by •keeping the sn<nv on it. 



( tn the garden and fruit farm especially a good 

 Spruce wind-break on the north and west sides 

 would serve as the best kind of a prot<'Ction, and 

 indeed would promote earlincss even more than 

 the much coveted slope to the southeiLst. A 

 wind-break at IS to 30 feet high is not only a 

 vei-y effectual wind-break, sjjeaking in direct 

 terms, but better than all else it leaves the snow- 

 nearly on the level and evenly spread over the 

 surface, instead of in drifts, thus securing a win- 

 ter mulch in snowy sections. 



Efkect on the Wind. The degree to which a 



well grown evergieen belt will break the force 



of the wind is most remarkable. Even when a 



storm is raging and the wind has acquired a speed 



f 40 miles an hour, scarcely the least current 



will be felt to the leewanl of such a li\ing barrier. 

 That nnich of the complaint against tender, 

 short-li\-ed and nnprotltable fruit trees, bushes 

 and plants is due to the unprotected condition of 

 fi'uit plats is now well understood by our wisest 

 horticulturists. Another point in favor of pro- 

 tx.'cted orchards is this: nuich of the best fruit 

 that gi'ows necessarily becomes wind-falls, where 

 there is no ailequate protection from winds, be- 

 cau.sc^ the largest an<l finest specimens are usually 

 the first to fall before the force of the wind. 



For the earl.\' \egetable garden a winil-break 

 is of inestinuible value. H.v its presenile the 

 severe cold storms and bare ground of wintt^r, 

 the cold raw winds of March, the drying winds 

 and severe stt>rms of midsummer, and the 

 cold November blasts, could all be avoided. 

 Aside fr()m theconsiderati<»n that early vege- ' 

 tables could be gniwn to be much earlier, and 

 it may be .said that damage by wind to the 

 glass of the hot-beds and cold-frames would 

 also be avoided. 



Starting Wind-breaks. Is the almost uni- 

 versal ab.sence of such a \'aluable adjunct to the 

 fruit farm and garden to he laid to high costl' 

 This cannot Jje, for the price of evergreens and 

 especially of thrifty yo\mg nursery seedlings Is 

 by the quantity really ridiculously low. If such 

 are procured ami brought along on the premises 

 the cost reall.^■ needs hardly to be considered. 



The one fact that more than any other may 

 account for much of this seeming neglect, no 

 doubt, is the poor success that so often attends 

 the transplanting of medium and large ever- 

 greens especially. The fact is not to be disre- 

 garded that as compared with deciduous trees, 

 evergreens as a class are very susceptible to 

 injur.v from improi)er handling between digging 

 and transplantnig. But on the other hand, by 

 right methods, there are no easier trees to ha\e 

 grow. The gi'eat and only secret is, keep the 

 roots alwa.^■s moist an<l protected from air and 

 sun: exposure to a clrying wimi oi- sunshine for 

 even but ten or fifteen minutes is almost cer- 

 tain death. It is for just this reason that the 

 average sized nursery evergreen that is shipped 

 succeeds so poorly. Ami it is the one strong 

 reason why, if this kind of stock cannot be ob- 

 tained from a nursery close at hand, it sluudd by 

 all means be jfrociu'cd in small sizes, such as can 

 easily be handled and packed, to be kept mtiist 

 and then i)e grown on the place imtil large enough 

 for permanent ])lanting. Indeed, the smallest 

 sized seedlings with ha\'ing less top than root 

 and with no stiff side branches can be Sf) readily 

 and comiiactly done up that they can even be 

 received with safety by mail. It need not be said 

 that the cost of sutdi is very insignificant. 



Distanoe to Plant. For the purpose of a 

 wind-break alone Norwa.v Spruce can be planted 

 from 2 to feet apart, according to the means to 

 be expended and the haste for shelter. In time 

 6 feet apart will make a complete shelter, es|)eci- 

 ally for orchards. If also wanted to turn stock, 

 the trees should not be planted farther than 'li or 

 4 feet, and then by attaching a couple of barbed 

 wires to them when i! or H feet high a good fence, 

 as well as wind-break, will r&sult. 



While some other evergreens besides the Nor- 

 way Spruce make good wind-breaks, this variety 

 being perfectl.v hardy and making rapid growth 

 on almost any kind of soil, and is not easily in- 

 jured by trimming, is pre-eminently the best 

 for general purposes. The American Arbor- 

 vitie makes a good hedge, but is more liable to 

 be broken by snow while young. It is also of 

 slower growth, and requires to be set closer, and 

 loses its bright green color in the winter season. 



Some Recent New Fruits. 



Haverland Stkawbekky. This new variety, 

 the stock of which is being disseminated by M. 

 T. Thompson, East Rockport, Ohio, is described 

 by its originator as being a seedUng of Crescent, 

 fertilized by Sharples,s. The berries are firm 

 and of uniform shape, avei'aging very large, 

 of most e.vcellent flavor, and are of a light red 

 color. The plants are large, healthy growers and 

 ripen their fruit with the Wilson. They with- 

 stand nist or blight as well as any other var- 

 ieties. Pistillate. 



Itasca Strawuekry. Asdescriljed by its dis- 

 seminator, .1. H. Ha,\ ncs, Delphi, Ind., this is a 

 seedling of Manchester, fertilized wnth Seneca 

 Queen, and originated in 1.^). It has never failed 

 to yield a full crop. It outyields Crescent, is 

 larger, of better qinility and carries its fruit well 

 to the hist. In beauty of fruit and vigor of plant 

 it has noequal. Hundreds of plants may beseen 

 at fruiting time with from ;SX) to :^.i5 berries on. 



The Mills Ckai'E. This variety was raised by 

 W. H. Mill.s, of Hamilton, Out., by crossing Mus- 

 cat Hamburgh with (reveling. Bunch very 

 large, compact, shouldered, someclu.sters weigh- 

 ing over twelve ounc^e.s. Berry large, round, jet 

 black, covereil with a thiik bloom: Hesh firm, 

 meaty, juicy, breaking with a rich, sprightly 

 Havor. .Skin thick; berries adhere firmly to the 





THE HAVERLAND. 



peduncle. Vine \igorous and productive; foliage 

 large and healthy. Ripens about with the Con- 

 cord, or a little later, and is a long keeper. " It 

 is a (jlrape which for size, quality and appearance 

 comes the nearest to the ideal variety of any we 

 have seen," say its disseminators, EUwanger & 

 Barry, of Rochester, N. Y. "Its quality is the 

 very best, exceeding in richness any hardy Grape 

 we are acquainted with. We do not presume to 

 say that it will succeed in all soils, situations and 

 climates, but we believe that in a climate similar 

 to ours, and with a reasonably good soil, situa- 

 tion and treatment, such as e\ery Grape should 

 have, it cannot fail to give satisfaction." 



Moore's Diamond ti RAPE. This is a new white 

 Grape raised by .Jacob Moore, Esq., of Brighton, 

 N. Y. (the originator of the well known 

 Brighton Grape), who considers this the finest 

 and best of his collection. It is a pure native, 

 being a cross between the Concord and lona. 

 Vine vigorous and entirel.v free from mildew. 

 The parent vine has been in fruiting the past ten 

 years, standing in the open ground near Roches- 

 ter, N. Y., without the least protection, and com- 

 ing out sound to the very tip every spring, even 

 when other varieties considered hardy have 

 killed badly. It is a prolific bearer, producing 

 large, handsome, compact bunches. The color 

 is a delicate greenish white, with a rich yellow 

 tinge when fully ripe; skin smooth and entirely 

 free from brown specks or dots; very few seeds, 

 juicy and almost entirely free from pulp, which 

 makes it almost transparent when held up to the 

 light. Berry about the size of the Concord, and 

 adheres firmly to the stem. It is said to ripen 

 three or tour weeks earlier than Omcord. 



The Moyer Grape. This is styled by its in- 

 troducer, Mr. Allen Moyer, St. Catharines, Ont., 

 as the earliest, best and hardiest red Grape in 

 cultivation. It is said to resemble the Delaware, 

 but is three weeks earlier; a stronger grower, 

 fully as hardy, and equal if not superior to it in 

 quality. The leaves are thicker and darker than 

 those of the Delaware. Vines on a trellise where 

 the thermometer has indicated 'iii degrees below 

 zero have come out all right. 



The Ironclad Grape. This new variety is 

 being introduced h.v A. W. Peal-son, of Vineland, 

 N. .1., President of the New .Jersey Horticultural 

 Society, who speaks of it as follows: " M.v atten- 

 tion was called to it in 18"! as a Grape free from 

 black rut. It is espe<iall.v valuable as a wine 

 Grape being free from foxiness, po-ssessing a high 

 per cent of acidity but also of sacharine and a 

 i-emarkably rich and durable royal purple color. 

 For making unfermented Grape-juice it is 

 thought by cttnsumers to be superior to any other 

 Grape. It is ^igorous and productive, bearing 

 small comjiact clusters of fruit. Berries one-half 

 inch in diameter, blue-black, pulpy. It is of 

 little value as a market Grape, being not attrac- 

 tive enough in appearance. 



