i888. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



169 



Cleaningrs from the Western New 

 York Horticultural Society's Re- 

 cent Meeting. 



Saving and using liquid manure.— J. VVoo«i- 

 war(i. Tannot afffird tii draw ruin-water, a.s it 

 does in)t add to tiuantity of mamiiv. Prefer.s to 

 draw maiuirc to tieltls and spread immediately, 

 but where unable to spread at once would com- 

 post in lonif flat piles, cover with some absorbent, 

 road dust, plaster, muck, sawdust, etc., to pre- 

 vent escuije of gas, watering when it ferments to 

 keep from burning. When spread as soon as 

 drawn, all the value goes into the ground before 

 it dries enough to be wasteful. Mr. Duiuiing 

 used liquid on Foster Peach trees, after fruit was 

 set until ripe, with gratifying success. Mr. 

 Varney said his barnyard leaches into roadside, 

 where he sinks a hole and uses a cask in which to 

 draw it about the place. He did so simply be 

 cause it was diHicult to obtain absorbent.s. 



Muriate of Potash was regarded by a member 

 as the cheapest form of potash; costing four 

 cents per pound of free potash, in wood ashes it 

 costs five cents, while kainit is the most expen- 

 sive; the bulk being salt, having no special value. 

 Sandy soil especially requires pota.sh. Clay may 

 be benefited, not so much as a fertilizer lus by 

 being made mellow and friable. In the orchard 

 application is made at the rate of one hundred 

 and si.\ty pounds per acre, three or four pounds 

 per t ree. Hen manure can be mi.xed with plaster, 

 or, if for Dnions, with wood ashes, if gotten into 

 the ground immediately. 



Pi.UMS. As the six best for home use, Orleans, 

 Keine Claude, Lombard, Shropshire l>anLson,Ger- 

 man I'ruue were recommended. For market, 

 Mr. Willard's choice was Heine Claude (somewhat 

 tender). French Damson, tiuackenboss, Lombard, 

 Bradshaw, Stanton Seedling, Washington. So 

 productive is the Kichland, sjiid Mr. Moody, that 

 if the Curculio were doubled they could not thin 

 them enough. 



(JvERPRODUCTiON OF GRAPES. Fairchild, Ham- 

 mond.sport, believes in working up local trade; 

 does not believe in overproduction! Peo])le are 

 having a ta.ste for Graiies aroused in them, thus 

 causing increased demand. Divides his crop in 

 different grades, which he ships separately. The 

 sending of poor or green fruit to market docs 

 more to spoil trade than overproduction. Hon- 

 esty is the best policy. Careless shipijers rob 

 themselves as well as their neighbors. Do not 

 depend on any one variety. As a rule, large 

 GraiKJS are not of best iiuality. Size is one reason 

 forConeord's popularity. I think the most prolita- 

 ble arc Concord, Delaware and Catawba. lona, 

 weakened from inbreeding, is more subject to 

 phyllo.\era, otherwise is one of the best for any 

 purpo.se. Mr. Snow, of Penn Yan, said that Con- 

 cord, Delaware, Catawba, and Niagara for mar- 

 ket have paid well. Worden is a great succe-s, 

 ranks with those just mentioned. Mr. Kuijert, 

 Seneca.— Present market price of Niagara no 

 criterion as to future profits, as shown by history 

 of other sorts. In Chautauqua Coiuit>' the Grape 

 growei-s lose money when othei-s than Concords 

 are planted. Though Worden and Moore's Early 

 will l>e yet further tried in the future. 



I^ady Wa-shington and .leffei-son usually to(j 

 late for vicinit.\' of Kochester. 



Bagging. It was decided that bagging pro- 

 duced lH,'tter results generally, and protected 

 from early frosts and birds. 



Sai.way Peach. Mr. Ainsley, of Geneva, the 

 most cvtensive grower of this Peach, stated that 

 his trees bore when five years old and that the 

 last season from fifteen hundred trees his cnjp 

 was three thousand bushels, and .so far the fruit 

 hius matured eachyearnntbout injury from frost. 

 In quality it resembles Crawford; strcjng grower; 

 does no thinning, except to remove unnecessary 

 branches. They will keep until Thanksgiving 

 without a cold house, and on the whole are con- 

 sidered profitable. 



Mr. Willard said that the Early Ki\ers was 

 proving itself among the best of early Peaches. 

 Hyne's Surprise from Texas is a fine Peach, being 

 of the same season as the Alexander, which it 

 much resembles, but it is a free stone. Stephen's 

 Rareripe is growing in favor, and ha-s come to 

 stay. Cases are known of it* being shipped east 

 and bringing S4.00 per bushel. It is a little later 

 than the Late Crawford. The Salway ripened a 

 wonderful crop last year, but it has a tendency 

 to overbear. It is in good demand. The Sturte- 

 vant Peach is far superior to the Early Barnard. 

 Mr. Willard would prefer one of them t<i a half 

 dozen Early Barnard at any time. The Foster was 

 referred to as being a fine Peach, but at Geneva 

 it is found to be a sparse bearer. 



Strawberries. W.C.Barry, Rochester.-Sharp- 

 less has proven to be best for market. Crescent of 

 poor quality, but a great bearer. Jewell, hand- 

 some, fair quality. Belmont, better quality and 

 stronger grower than Jewell. Could name thirty 

 or forty new \arieties that have turned out to be 

 worthless. Mr. Hooker, Kochester.— Oescent 

 has been the most successful. Manchester Ls good 

 in many respects. Wilson where it still succeeds 

 is still the favorite. Sharpless not satisfactory. 

 Mr. Green, Kochester.— The Jessie has grown 

 well, good cjuality, productive. Bubach is es- 

 teemed a wonilerf ul berry, by M. Crawford, Ohio. 

 Dunning, Auburn.— Bubach very sour, not eat- 

 able, good grower. Cumberland Triumph, good 

 for near-by markets. Varney, North Collins, has 

 half an acre in Crescent, and thinks that in Buf- 

 falo that sort is replacing the Wilson. Sharpless 

 does not succeed well. Jewell amounts to noth- 

 ing. Willard, (Jeneva, thinks Jessie promising. 

 The Sharpless, raised at Bai-nesville, O., are ahead 

 of anything ever seen. Wilson seems to be fail- 

 ing. Jewell nothing at all. New Dominion has 

 done better than any other late sort. 



Raspberries. Barry.— The Cuthbert is a great 

 acquisition. JIarlboro, a first-class sort, the two 

 together are the best we have. Golden yueen 

 not fruited. Franconia, Kuevett's Giant and 

 French are good sorts for amateurs. Hooker.- 

 Cuthbert the most valuable sort, though in some 

 situations is tender. Marlboro of better quality, 

 entirely hardy, seems to do well. Brandywine! 

 best shipper. Varney.— Cuthbert winter kills, 

 but always has a crop. Marlboro early, but not 

 a strong grower. Franconia, where it does well 

 is flrst-cla.ss, excellent quality and profitable. 

 Crystal, on rich, sandy soil a good grower, and 

 hardy; yellfiwish tinge but poor quality. Com- 

 mission men advised to let everything in color 

 alone, except the reds. Grows his crops in matted 

 rows. The Shaffer, in Canada, is the favorite and 

 brings the best prices, as also does Highland 

 Hai-dy, being very early. Blackcaps. Piei-son 

 of Waterloo, said that the Ohio is much better the 

 third and fourth year from planting than earlier; 

 productive. Tyler is very good. 



Gooseberries. Mr. Dunning, Auburn.— The 

 Industry all fell otf this season. Excellent \ariety 

 for amateurs. Hooker.— The Industry is the best 

 in quality that has ever been introduced into this 

 country, though this year the berries fell off 

 somewhat; liable to mildew and spot; a medium 

 grower. Downing perhaps a better market berry, 

 though it also dropped. Willard.— So far as now 

 known the Industry will prove a valuable sort. 

 Attributes the dropping this year to drought. 

 In Canada does not do well. Smith's Imjiroved 

 is considered better than the Downing. 



Ornamental Trees. \V. C. Barry mentioned 

 six that he thought might be worthy of first 

 place for small lawns : Japanese Kose-flowered 

 Cherry the best weeping varietj', Japanese 

 Maple, Polymorphum atropurpureum, after be- 

 coming established in a sheltered position, is hardy 

 and \ery beautiful. Cut-leaved Birch of slightly 

 drooping habit. Magnolia .speciosa, hardiest of 

 the Chinese section and best adapted to this 

 country. A dwarf variety of Tartarian .Maple 

 very hardy. Fern-leaved Linden, red bark of 

 very fine habit, naturally growing into a beauti- 

 ful tree. 



It is a diflScult matter to select trees for small 

 lawns, and blunders in planting unsuitably large- 

 growing trees are witnessed every day. The 

 Kilmarnock Wilhjw sometimes kills, and does not 

 do well on dry ground. Mr. Barry also named 

 si.x shrubs worthy of special attention : Golden 

 Bell, very attractive, early and hard}'. Forsythia 

 Fortuneii, Spirea Van Houteil, hardy and free 

 blooming. Lilac Kouenii, a splendid \ariety, not 

 very well known, color a reddish purple. Double- 

 flowering Deutzia, Hydrangeas, Althea Double 

 red, also in ^■ariety, and said that he was in favor 

 of grouping single kinds of shrubs in maases by 

 themselves, referring to Buffalo City Park as 

 containing pnjbably the finest examples of mas- 

 sive shrub grouping to lie found in this country. 

 Mr. Hooker believes that among people generally 

 there exists a great lack of knowledge on the 

 subject of ornamental planting. Placing the 

 tree in the ground does not end the matter, for 

 to enjoy the best results constant attention is 

 required. He thought the Cut-leaf Birch desir- 

 able for small places, if, when it gets large it is 

 replaced bj' a small one again. Syringa and Pur- 

 ple Fringe are good shrubs. Pierce, Ohio.— All 

 the good things are not confined to the newer in- 

 troductions, as the following list of older, but 

 most desirable trees will show Chionanthus,Japan 

 Judas Tree, Double-flowering Thorn, Moosewood, 

 Liquidambar, somewhat t^'nder; Weeping Mul- 



berry, may prove valuable; Japanese Ginko, 

 handsome and attractive, about Cleveland is quite 

 hardy. Various other members recommended 

 desirable trees, including, Prunus triloba ami 

 I'issardii, very attractive. An elegant Weeping 

 Hemlock, Laburnum will sometimes winter kill, 

 Cut-leaf Alder. Aside from Barry's list, the 

 shrubs mentioned were Japan Quince, Varie- 

 gated-leaved Weigclia, Hue, b\it recjuires much 

 manure. Golden Spirica, \ery satisfactory 

 bright color, and strfnig grower. 



Roses. Mr. Dunning's select list of .seven Hy- 

 brid Perpetual Hoses. M. P. Wilder, a .satisfac- 

 tory autumn bloomer. Baroness Hothchild, Ma- 

 ble Morrison, a good white, hardly so vigorous. 

 Baron de Bon Settin, Gabriel de Louise, Anna de 

 Diesbach, Marie Beauman, most magnlflcent. To 

 form list of ten would add Louis Van Houtte, 

 Eugenie Verdier. La France is grown through 

 winter without much trouble, and is the best of 

 all. Other varieties that were favorably men- 

 tioned were Gen. Jacqueminot, Persian Yellow, 

 .lohn Hopper. 



Profit in Fruit. Mr. Moody, of Lockport, said: 

 I think the fruit crop is far the most profitable 

 of any crop we can raise. I know an orchard of 

 Plums and Pears of eight acres, twenty-three 

 years planted, which has produced over $4U,(XXI. 

 The Kieffer is a profitable Pear; we top-grafted 

 a couple of rows, about 200 trees, in our orchard, 

 and last year, the fourth, we sold the fruit at 

 about $13 per barrel. Mr. Hooker, of Rochester. 

 —I think there are other crops which can be 

 raised to greater profit than the fiuit crop; for 

 instance, the growing of nui'sery stock and vege- 

 table gardening. Mr. Crane, of Lockport.— I 

 have received more money from an acre of 

 Grapes than any one can show from an acre of 

 Apples. Mr. Watscjn, North Chautauqua.— This 

 year we shipped about :!00 car-loads of Grapes. 

 We think they pay from $1.50 to $:J00 per acre on 

 an average. One gentleman said, he; can vouch 

 for the fact that ten acres of ( )nions yielded him 

 about $1,300 in one year. Mr. Rice said that in 

 oneyear he had received $I,flOO for the prfnluce 

 of nineteen acres of orchard. Mr. Willard.— This 

 has been an off year with Apples, yet they ha^e 

 sold for more money than any other one crop 

 per acre. Not twenty-five per cent of growers 

 will cull and pack their Apples satisfactorily. A 

 thorough reform in this respect is needed. Mr. 

 Peareon .said that Seneca Co. had received $160,000 

 for its fruit crop the past season. 



Progress IN Pear Culture. Bught. Hooker 

 said that the Saunders remedy had proved very 

 successful in checking the Pear blight. The 

 formula was:— one peck of lime, ten pound.s of 

 sulphur, and two ouncesof carbolic acid, thinned 

 with water to the Cf»nsistency of white-wash. 

 This is applied to the tree about the first of May, 

 and sprayed upon the foliage just after bloom- 

 ing. -Mr. Mo<Mly.—The remedy Mr. Hof)kerspeaks 

 of is good. We use it, and have not lost a tree in 

 three years out of an orchard of 10,000 trees. We 

 use a great quantity of unleached ashes, 4,000 to 

 ."i.OOO bushels a year in our Pear culture. The 

 \arietiesarethree-c|uartersBartlett;agood many 

 Kieffer, Duchess and Clapp's Favorite. We have 

 not been as successful with Anjou as formerly. 

 Kieffer has paid us better than any other, but 

 how long it will last I cannot say. We spray 

 every year with London Purple or Paris Green. 

 Mr. Hoag said he never uses Paris Green, but 

 keeps the bark clean, and culti\ ates them fre- 

 (luently, thus giving insects no harbor. Mr. 

 Barry.— As an early winter Pear the Anjou is un- 

 equaled. To succeed that I would recommend 

 the Winter Nells. It is now the favorite dessert 

 Pear for hotels. The Josephine de Malines suc- 

 ceeds the Nelis and these three deserve the high- 

 est praise as the leading winter Pears. The Win- 

 ter Nelis is a regular heavy tearer. Lawrence is 

 also an admirable early winter Pear and would 

 precede the Winter Nelis. There is no danger of 

 any over production of choice fruits. Every per- 

 son should have fine Pears upon his table everv 

 day of the winter; and until this is done, fruit 

 growers are not yet doing their duty. You can 

 not get enough of good fruit. There is no glut of 

 that, and no fear of there being an over-produc- 

 tiim. Plant more fruit trees but let them be of 

 the best varieties. 



( 'OLD Storage Houses for Fruit. Moody, of 

 lyockport.— We have a large fruit house, and 

 lately large quantities of ice have been used in it 

 for keeping Plums, but it was a failure— fruit 

 kept in it with ice soon decays after removal. X 

 do not fa\or the use of ice for keeping fruit. A 

 Michigan delegate condcnnicd storage with ice 

 entirelj . He stated that this system has been 

 well tested in Michigan. 



