1 888. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



183 



THE COMPLETE GARDEN.* 



XV. 



BY A WELL-KNOWN HORTIrllLTl'RJST. 



EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS. 

 iContinued from pagv IW).) 



Evergreens as a rule prefer a liRht porous 

 soil admitting of perfect drainage, and 

 which is in a rich state, not from the appli- 

 cation of rank fresh manure, but rather of 

 that which is old and finely divided. If the 

 more delicate and somewhat tender species 

 cannot be given such soil, it is scarcely worth 

 while to plant them, for in any other the 

 growth will not be completed early enough 

 in the season to ensure the proper ripening 

 of the wood for enabling them to endure the 

 winter. If such Icinds are planted on slight 

 elevations of soil they are the more likely to 

 do well, because in such situations the early 

 ripening of the wood is the better assured. 

 Arbor Vrr^. American, [Thvja occidentalis) A. 



Sitierian, (I'rtr. Siberica) c. 



Upright, ivar. pyraniidalia) c. 



Weeping, ivar. pendida) c. 



Geo. Peabody's, (far. aiireumt n. 



Burrow's, (I'ar. Burrowii) h. 



Parson's, (var. conipacta) h. 



Hovey's, ivar. Hoveyii) H. 



Heath-leaved, {var. ericoides) li. 



Globe-headed, (uor. ylohosa) 11. 



Hoopes' Dwarf, (var. nana) H. 



Tom Thumb, (nor. Tom Thumb) h. 



Chinese, {Biota orientalis) G. 



Cliinese Golden, (rar. aurea) G. 

 Box. Common Tree, { Bn.rns sempervirens) f. 



Dwarf, {var. suffruticoAa) H. 



Handsworth's, {var. Bandsworthii) v. 



Jackson's Weeping, {var. .lacksonii) 



Broad-leaved, {var. latifolia). 



Myrtle-leaved, {var. myrtifolia). 



Gold-striped, {var. aurea) .5. 



Silver-striped, {var. argentea) .'). 

 Cedar of Lebanon. {Cedrus Libani) a-j. 



Mount Atlas, (C Atlantica) A-J. 



Deodar or Indian, {C. Deodora) A-.I. 



Japan, {Cryptomeria Japonica) A-.i. 

 Cyprus. Lawson's, {Cupressuy Lawsoniana) A-.r. 



Lawson's Pyramidal, {var. pyram'dalis) A-.i. 



Lawson's Weeping, {tnr. pendula alba) A-.I. 



Nootka Sound, {C. Nutkmiists) A. 



White Cedar, (C. thyoides) A. 



Dwarf White Cedar, {var. sparoidea mna) a. 

 Fir. Balsam, (Abies balsamea) A. 



Nordmann's Silver, (.-1. Nordmanniana) a. 



Noble, iA. nobilis) A-.i. 



Sibeiian Silver, (.-!. Pichta) b. 



Hudson Bay Dwarf, {A. Fraseri Hii*.07hco)h. 

 Hemlock Spruce. (Abies Canadensis) b. 



Dwarf, (var. nanat D. 



Sargent's Weeping, (var. Sargentii) n. 

 Holly. American, \ Ilex opaca) c. 

 Juniper. Common, {Juniperus communis) a. 



Canadian Trailing, (var. Alpini syn J. Cana- 

 densis) H. 



American Pyramidal, ( uar. Alpina pyramid- 

 alis ). 



Irish, (rar. Hibemica) v. 



Sweedish, (rar. Suecica). 



Savin, (J. Sabina) H. 



Tamarisk-lea\'ed, {var. tamariscifolia) H. 



Variegated-leaved, (var. variegata). 



Alpine, {var. Alpina 1 h. 



Red Cedar, (J. Virginiana) c-D. 



Gray-leaved, (var. glauca) F. 



Weeping, (var. pendula), 



Chinese, (J. Chinensis) c. 



Reeve's, ivar. Reevesiana). 



Japan, ij. Japonica) H-.j. 



Prosti-ate, i.J. prostrata) H. 



Lovelj', iJ. occidentalis var. venusta) H. 

 Laurel. Mountain or Bn^ad-leaved, (Kulmia 

 latifolia) F-G. 



Narrow-leaved or Sheep, (A', angustifolia) H. 

 Mahonia. HoUy-leaved, (Berhei-tsayui/oii'um) H. 

 Pine. Australian or Black, ( Pinus auatriaca) a. 



Corsican, (P. Laricio) A. 



PjTenean, (P. Pyrenaica) a. 



Short^leaved Yellow, (P. mitis). 



Dwarf Mugho, (P. Miiglio) E. 



Dwarf or Jtoiintain, (P. pumilia) fj. 



Jersey, (P. inops). 



Table Mountain, (P. pungens). 



Heavy-wooded, (P. ponderosa) a. 



Sabine's, (P. Sabiniana) .\. 



•Copyright, 1887, Popular Gardening Publlshiug Co. 



White or Weymouth, (P. strobus) A-v. 



Compact white, {var. compacta) G. 



Swiss-Stone, (P. cembra) o. 



Pigm.v, (var. pygmoc) h. 

 Hetinispoha. Plume-like, 1 TImja plumosn) o. 



Obtuse-leaved, (T obtiisa) a. 



Pea-fruited, (T. pisifera) e. 



Thread-liraiK'hed, (var. filifera) h. 



Golden Thicad-hranehed, (nor oar^a) H. 

 Rhododenuho.n. American, (Hhodiiilr.iidrnii 

 ina.riiiiiiin) F. 



Catawba, (H. CatnivlrieiiiiUi) h. 

 Spku<'E. Norway, (Ahies excelsa) A. 



Finedon Hall, (rar. Pi?!«don«n»fa) A. 



Inverted-branched, (var. inverta) f. 



Pyramidal, (rar. ityramidtUis) B. 



l^ianbraail's Dwarf, (var. VlanhranUiniM h. 



EUwanger's Dwarf, (var. Ellivangeriaiia) h. 



(iregory's, (vnr. Greyoriana) H. 



Ma.tweU's, (var. Maxwelliana) a. 



Conical, (rar. contro) f. 



Pigmy Dwarf, (rai'. pyginaa) B. 



White, (A. alha) b. 



Dwarf white, (rar. nana) a. 



Black, (A. nigra) b. 



Dwarf black, (rar. prumilia) H. 



Doumets, (rar. Dnumeli) H. 



Alcoek's, (A. Alriuiuiaiia) a. 



FIG. 46. THE IRISH JUNIPER. 



Menzie's or Colorado Blue, (A. Menziesil) A. 



Douglas, (^1 . Dnuglasiii a. 



Oriental or Eastern, (A. oritiitaUg) b. j. 



PoUta, (A. polita) b. .j. 

 Umbrella Pine, (Sriailoptys rerfiriltoto). 

 Yew. English, (Taxun Ijoceata) c. 



American or Ground Hemlock, (x^ar. Cana- 

 dengin) A. 



Erect, {var. erecta). 



Golden, (rar. aiireo) 



Irish, (var. faxtigiata) 



Japanese. (T. culpre^a) H. 



Abrupt pointed (T. cnspidata) G. J. 



Japan or Podocarpus, (Pudncarpus Japon- 

 ica) C. J. 



THE HARDY Flil'IT DEPARTMENT. 



To neglect the cultivation of an abund- 

 ance of good fruit on the home grounds 

 would be to render the gardening at once 

 very incomplete. Nor could there be often 

 found any good excuse for such a course in 

 this sunny climate so favorable to the best 

 development of many kinds. Fruits are not 

 a mere luxury but an essential article of 

 healthful food as well. Each family should 

 be provided with such an abundant supply 

 either fresh or preserved that all the mem- 

 bers, children included, could have, not 

 merely an occasional feast, but all that they 

 might desire to eat every day in the year. 

 The value of a fruit diet is in no better way 

 shown than by the fact that those who move 

 into newly settled regions usually grow 

 healthier from the date that their fruit plant- 

 ings begin to bear. Nor should the pleasure 

 and educating influence secured in fruit cul- 

 tivation be overlooked. The trees serve to 

 a<lorn the home with bright verdure, sweet 

 and handsome blossoms, and the beautiful 

 luscious matured products. Their cultiva- 

 tion is not difficult beyond what any person 



of ordinary intelligence, a boy or girl even, 

 can well comprehend, and it is an occupa- 

 tion that directly encourages the pleasure- 

 giving habits of observation and study. 

 Didicnlties enough are to be met to stimu- 

 late effort but nottodi.scourage. And where 

 the cultivator becomes sufficiently inspired 

 in his work to .seek out the best metho<ls, he 

 will be surprised by the aiiKuint and variety 

 of products that through high culture he 

 may raise on a limited area of land. 



But to grow fruits for pleasure or for profit 

 it must be done on good soil, and by taking 

 good care of the trees. To at tempt the culture 

 of fruit trees on poor land is sure to result 

 in disappointment. Trees of all kinds are 

 healthier when in a vigorous condition than 

 when starved and ill-treated. This is a les- 

 son that the American fruit grower has been 

 a long time in learning, but it is a conclu- 

 sion now abundantly established. Besides 

 being in good condition as regards fertility 

 the fruit garden must also be well under- 

 drained; if it be not so naturally then drains 

 must be pro\ided. 



Location. In locating the fruit plat a 

 site somewhat elevated should be preferred 

 to one flat or depressed. Land that slopes 

 to the north will produce the largest fruit, 

 and there is on such a slope less danger of 

 frost injuring the blo.ssonis in the spring 

 than on any other, because vegetation here 

 starts slowly, hence the blossoms with being 

 backward escape late freezes. On a south- 

 ern slope, however, the fruit will come in 

 earlier and be richer and better flavored; 

 hence in localities not subject to severe late 

 frosts such a site should be considered the 

 preferable one. Frosts, generally speaking, 

 are more prevalent in low lands than on 

 elevated ones. Elevation also tends to pro- 

 mote the better ripening of the wood annu- 

 ally, thus fortifying the trees to that extent 

 against injury in the winter. Very high 

 elevations are to be avoided because of the 

 severe exposure trees here would have to 

 endure. Protection by evergreen or other 

 wind breaks should be provided to all fruit 

 yards if possible. 



Apple. Standard 30 to 3.5 feet apart. 



Standard, close pruned or 

 in rattier poor soil 2.5 " " 



Pyramids on Apple stock 15 " " 



Dwarf Standards on Dou- 

 cain stocks 10 " 



Dwarfs on Paradise stock. . B to S " 



Apricots 16 " 18 " 



Blackberries, 3 feet apart, 



in rows ^ 



Cherries. Standard IS" 20 " " 



Pyramids on common stock 15 " 15 " " 



Pyramids on Mahaleb stock 



Dwarfs and Morellos 10 " 15 " " 



Currants 4" 5 



Gooseberries 4 " 5 



Grapes. Moderate growers 6 



to 8 feet, strong 10" 15 " 



Nectarines 16 " 18 



Peaches (properly pruned) ...12 " 15 " " 



On Plum stock 9 " 



Pears. .Standard 15 " 25 " 



Pyramids 15 



Dwarfs on Quince 10 " 12 " " 



Plums. Standards 15 



Pyramids 8 " 10 



Quinces * " * " 



Raspberries, 3 to i feet by 4 " 5 " " 

 Strawberries, hill culture. .15 " ISinch " 



In matted rows, 1 foot apart 

 in rows 3 feet 



In the arrangement of the fruit garden 

 but three forms of placing the growths need 

 generally lie considered, namely: Straight 

 rows and the square made up of four, one 

 standing at each corner, and the quincunx 

 or form of five. The difference between the 

 two latter methods is shown in the annexed 

 engraving. The last named method has, for 

 trees especially, the advantage of a more 

 equal distributing over the surface, thus 

 economizing space, and it is more orna- 



