i888. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



'93 



The evaporators, (if wliieb there are two, were 

 designed and built liy tlie proprietor, and in his 

 estimation meet every reijuirement of a first elass 

 drier. They are wood liurners, Imt eould easily 

 Ix" Htted for ttie use of eoal. Mr. 1'. eonsiders 

 wood, mostly hard, at $:1.M per cord, the priee 

 he pays, eheaper than eoal at $.'> a ton. He ean 

 pret insuranee on his works at IHj per eent for 

 three months. Would see no advantajre in elianj/r- 

 infj t<i st<"am for works uondueted on the scale he 

 praetiees. 



[n tifrnre 4 is shown a side view of the 



NON-PATENTED EVAPORATOR 



referred to here as being in use. Its floor 

 size is ten feet by live feet. A side view of 

 the furnace is also shown in the .same figure, and 

 a view of the latter from above in Figure 5 the 

 lettoi-s indicating- parts corresponding in both. 

 The furnace <i consists of a lieii\y sheet iron 

 drum 20 inches In diameter and nine feet long, 

 and having the door at h. In this furnace t-foot 

 wood is burned, c c are two side pipes .5 inches 

 in diameter which carry the smoke and heat 

 (Figure ft) from the rear end of the furnace for- 

 ward to an S inch pipe d, that opens into the smoke 

 stiu^k outside of the evaporator, c is an opening 

 underneath the furnace for providing a fresh air 

 draft,and causing the upward circulation. / rep- 

 resents the floor of the e\ap<irating house con- 

 tinued as a platform between the two driers, 

 shown in Figure 3. y represents the side slides 

 which enclose the drying racks, h, when the work 

 is in progress. These slides move up and down 

 in slots, and for easier handling each has a rope 

 with sand bag weight attached, the weight pass- 

 ing over a pulley flxed to the rafters of the build- 

 ing. The racks are li feet by 2!^ feet in size and 

 two inches deep, with bottoms of galvanized wire 

 cloth five strands to an inch, and which costs 

 about live cents per scpnire foot by the bale. 

 i represents the dome and j the chimney. The 

 parts of the evaporator nearest to the furnace 

 are lined with sheet iron foi' safety. 



IN THE LINE OF MAC^HINERY A 



one-hoi-se oil-burning engine made by Rochester 

 w(n-ks furnishes the power for the parers and 

 corers, two of which are used. Of the latter the 

 kind preferred is the Taber machine made at 

 Wilson, N. Y. It pares and cores close, and has 

 the merit of doing uniformly good work with 

 large or small fruit. It turns out what is termed 

 ringed stock, a kind that Mr. P. has always been 

 able to put upon the market to advantage. Two 

 of the Devol color setters or bleachers arc used, 

 one with each parer, as shown in Figure 8. This 

 machine is made at Reynold's Basin, N. Y., and 

 gives entire satisfaction. Its manner of use is 

 this: The bleacher is set at the end of the trim- 

 ing table, which latter receives the rings of 

 fruit as they fall from the parer. The bleacher 

 has two drawers of a bushel each side by side 



the idea being that each drawerful is subjeeti'd 

 to the constantly rising brimstone fomes during 

 the time reipiired to fill one drawer. Ten cents 

 worth of brinist(nie sulHces for the two bleach- 

 ers for twent.i-four houi-s. In the exaporating 

 of the fruit one bushel of Apples Alls Ave rai-ks, 

 an<i the racks are shifted every half hour. The 

 temperatiu'e preferred in the evapiaator is IIHI 

 to :.1HI degrees, the higher degree being desirable 

 in bright airy weather. During such weather 

 the capacity of the works is nearly double 

 that of damp days, with poor drafts, which fact 

 leads Mr. V. to think he 



WII.I. INTRODUCE FANS 



run by the engine into his evaporator chimneys 

 this season to increase the di-aft when de- 

 sired. At this evaporator Ap|iles are the main 

 thing cured and Black Cap Raspberries next. ( )f 

 the former he buys many, paying usually ai cents 

 for good mixed windfalls. Uussets (d' all kinds 

 are superior to other varieties for evaporating, 

 as they yield usually S pounds of cured fiuit per 

 bushel as against about six pounils for other 

 kinds. For Raspberries he pays about .'i cents per 

 (luart delivered. All parts as well as sizes (d' 

 Apples are evaporated, the parings and cores 

 making what is termed "jell stock," and selling 

 tor from 1 to 4 cents per pound, the small Apidi's 

 uiiHt for paring, as " chopped stock," and selling 

 at about the same price. These cheap grades are 

 said to be exported largely, being used abi-oad in 

 the mainifacture <jf the "pure wines " that arc 

 so extensively imported for the American traile. 

 The entire establishment of Mr. Perrigo's cost 

 not far above $1,2(XI and has proved a very sat- 

 isfactory investment. Apples are packed in .W 

 pound boxes except the .iell and chopped .stock, 

 which is shipped in barrels. Raspberries are 

 shipped in barrels. Most of Mr. Perrigo's sales 

 are made through Messrs. Knight & Gordon, 'Mr, 

 Washingtfin street. New York. 



FIG. 4. FIG. 5. 



Fio- 4. SkU View of Non-patented Kvaiiorator. Fiy. .'). Tin> I'l'"' 

 of the Heater. Fi(/.0. Position of UUaclier, Trimminy Table, etc. 



and with screen bottoms for fruit, with an open- sap commences. 



ing into each drawer from the tup and near the 



triuuners' tiilile. Brimstone is b\irned from below 



the drawers, while a stove pipe from a hole in the 



top ofi the bleacher leads to the chinmey, causing 



a draft of the brimstone f\imesthi-ough the fruit, 



and their escape. As the trimmer handles and 



oits the fruit she drops it into one il rawer of the 



bleacher through the hide above until this is full, 



and then changes and tills the other drawer. 



When the second has been lilli-d, usually in Ave 



minutes, drawer No. 1 Ls removed and again lilled. 



Grape Grafting. 



HKNRY LULLS, YOUNGSTOWN, N. Y. 



Since trimming the grafts set laatspring, many 

 of which have made a growth of a) feet, com- 

 pletely renewing worthless vines with \aluable 

 varieties, I believe some of your readers who ha^■e 

 vines of wort hless kinds may be induced to make 

 a trial of Grape grafting themselves. To such I 

 vriU make a tew suggestions. 



1st. Grape-vines can be grafted with a greater 

 certainty of success by a person not skilled in 

 grafting than any other stock. 



2d. The entire secret of successful Grape 

 grafting lies in caring for the cion from the time 

 it is cut from the vine and placed on the stock 

 until it has callotised and united. The Hrst part 

 of this may be accomplished by cutting soon 

 after the leaves fall and keep in sawdust or the 

 like in a cool cellar, or better, 

 an ice house initil united. 



The second i>art is in shad- 

 ing the graft after it is placed 

 on the stock until growth 

 has commenced. 1 have ac- 

 complished this very well by 

 sticking two wide shingles on 

 the south side cd' the graft, 

 slanting them toward the 

 north; the shingle should be 

 placed in V shape. Old Peach 

 baskets without the bottom 

 will answer the pin-pose ad- 

 mirably placed over the stock 

 grafted. This matter of shad- 

 ing I consider the most im- 

 portant part of Grape graft- 

 ing. With me on heavy ida.v 

 loam soil I have when shaded 

 entire success, when not 

 shaded entire failure. 



My plan of grafting is as 



fidlows: I cut the vines ritf 



within three feet of the 



ground before the flow of 



This leaves but few buds on, 



anil in so doing the \italit.^' of the stock is 



not weakened. The time I prefer is just after 



the buds have Hrst oiioned. I then clear the 



earth away from the vinos lielow the first tier of 



roots and insert the graft. I then eo\er all parts 



where .stock and graft come together witli paste 



of commiai yellow clay, around this 1 wind a 



strip id' cotton cloth. The earth is then brought 



back again, puckingcarefully where thi' union is 



made by grafting. The loo.se, Hne soil is drawn 



to the top of the cion. When completed il re- 



sembles a liroad I'otntu hill. A .shade as descinbed 

 is tluMi put o\er it and the work is complete. 



This plan of grafting \vorks well on stock from 

 % to '■^ of an inch smaller. Stock may lie splice 

 and tongue grafted as shown in !)r. Sta.vman*s 

 artiidt! in the February issue. On stock of one 

 inch and over I prefer cleft grafting. This is 

 doni' principally the same as the above, and 

 dilfcrs onl.v from ordinary to cleft grafting in 

 the shape of the 

 graft and in the 

 manner of making 

 the (left in the 

 stock. This is done 

 by first rutming a 

 fine saw down the 

 stock. A (me and 

 one-half inch piece 

 is then cut on each 

 side, as shown in the 

 lower right hand 

 engraving. The 

 graft is made by 

 cutting a thi;i slice 

 from eatdi side so 

 that it will fit the 

 stock as shown 

 directly above in the 

 cut. By making a 

 hea\'3' bottom to the 

 cion thus it can 

 callous before dry- 

 ing out, as some- 

 times may happen 

 in case it is wedge 

 shaped. In putting 

 in the cion no wedge 

 is used, it is merel.v 

 iMtWwamof Grafting pushiul down. The 

 arape-vine*. c"'"'"-' 1'"^ is coy- 



ei'cd with a jiaste of 

 clay, and a cotton liandage wrapped around and 

 .soil replaced as in the previous case. 



The side grafting, as illustrated, is the simplest 

 process of grafting of any, and on I! rapes as well 

 as all other stocks it works well. Cherries. Plums 

 and Apricots are grafted very readily by this 

 means. The drawing (to the left) shows exactly 

 how the cut should be made, and by springing 

 the to)) of the stock back the cion may be put in 

 place very easily, when the top springs back and 

 holds it firmly there. It will lie seen that the sap 

 wood is bound to cross at some point, which 

 makes success certain. 



684. Acacia Culture The seed can be sown at 

 any season of the .^•ear, early in the spring being 

 preferable. Previous to sowing, soak the seed in 

 hot water for several hoiu-s, then sow \ery thinly 

 in a well drained pot or pan filled with light 

 loamy soil, place in a warm, moist .situation as 

 close to the glass as possible, and as soon as the 

 young plants are strong enough to handle they 

 sho\dd be carefully removed and potted ofl' into 

 two or three-inch pots. As the seeds of some 

 species \egetate much sooner than others, care 

 must be taken to avoid injuring those that re. 

 main. Keep the young idants close for a few 

 (lavs, or until they have taken hold of the soil, 

 then place in a light, .sunny situation and grow 

 on as rii)iidly as po.ssilile. Re-pot as of ten as they 

 reiplii-c it. giving gciud drainage. The strong- 

 growing \arii-tit's will tliri\e in a ciimiiost com- 

 posed of twii-tliirds turfy loam and one-third 

 well de('a\(-'d niiiiinre, while for those of delicate 

 growth a blieral addition of sharp sand should 



be added. As s i a.s the plant.s are large enough 



they should lie iilaccd on Isiile diuiiig the summer 

 sea.son. Water must iic carefully and tliorough- 

 \y given whenever necessar.\', and when the 

 plants are inside they should be freiiuently syr- 

 inged. After the plants cease blooming they 

 can be trimmed back iiilu shape, and those that 

 reipiire it n--potti'd. Kull exposure to the sun 

 dutiitg the siinuiicr seasim is c^scidial to bloom- 

 ing them well. ( '. V'. P. 



(i'l. Bagging Grapes. Bags made of good 

 manilla paper arc best. No. 1 bags of stjindard 

 size are large enough for Uelawares and those 

 varieties that produce sinular sized clusters, 

 while Nos. 2 and :i will \k needed for mediiuu 

 and those of larger size.— Chas. K. Parnei.i.. 



IIS.'). Sweet Potatoes at the North. -Sweet Po- 

 tatoes can lie grown at the Niirtli. but with little 

 or no profit. They reiiuirc a rich, light, warm 

 •soil, and in this vicinity are generally planttnl in 

 rows or ridges four feet apart, the plants stand- 

 ing one foot apart in the row. .\fter growth 

 conunences, all the loltivatiou they will reiiuire 

 will constst in keeiiirig them well cultivated. 

 And the vines should lie moved occasionally, in 

 order to pre\ ent them from rooting at the joints. 

 As the plant is of tropical origin, the slips or 

 sprouts, lus the yoinig plants are te-rmed, should 

 not lie planted out until .luiie first. -C. E. P. 



