POPULAR GARDENING. 



1^9 



Charles Darwin, 

 Dr. Sewell, 



In the Second Chiss- 

 Abel Carrlere, 

 Abel Grand, 

 Alfiod W. Williams, 

 Barthelmy Joubert, 

 Beauty of Walthani. 

 Eclair, 



Edouard Morren, 

 Horace Vernet, 

 .lean Llabaud, 

 Jean Soupert, 



In the Third Class- 

 Anna Ale-xleff. 

 Antolne Mouson, 

 AUKUSte Rigotard, 

 Baron Nath'l Hoth.sclilhi, 

 Count de Morteniart, 

 Co(|uette des Blanches, 

 Duehesse de Calyus, 

 Duke of Connaught, 

 Elizabeth Vlgneron. 

 Oeneral Jacqueminot, 

 Oloire de Bourg la Relne. 

 Glolre Lyonalse, 

 Harrison Weir, 

 Helnrich Schultheis, 



In the Fourth Class 

 Duke of Teck, 

 Lady Sheffield, 



In the Fifth Class- 

 Annie Laxtou, 

 Boleldleu, 

 Kugeue Appert. 

 General Washington. 



(To be 



Souvenir de Charles Mon- 

 tault. 



La Duehesse de Morny, 

 La Havre, 

 Louis Dore, 

 Marchioness of Exeter, 

 Miss Hassard, 

 Mile. Mary Ra<ly, 

 Mme. Charles Wood, 

 Mme. Therese Levet, 

 Mrs. George Dickson, 



Magna Charta, 

 Marie Louise Pernet, 

 Mary Bennett, 

 Mile Margaret Doinbrain, 

 Mme. Clemence Jolgneaux, 

 Mme. Eugeue Verdier, 

 Mme. Isaac Perelre, 

 Mons. E. Y. Teas, 

 Mrs. Harry Turner, 

 Prince de Portia, 

 .Senateur Vaise, 

 William Warden, 

 Xavler Ollbo. 



Monsieur Noman, 

 Princess Beatrice. 



Glolre de DlJon, 

 Marguerite de St. Amand, 

 Queen of Bedders, 



Contimied,} 



P. M. Augur on Strawberry Crowing, 

 Something About Plums. 



[From papers and discussion before the Maine Porno- 

 loyival Society.'] 



Mr. Augur believes in thorough cultiva- 

 tion for the Strawberry. He would sub-soil 

 to the depth of twenty inches, and apply 

 twenty-five cords of stalde manure to the 

 acre. To get the ground in proper condition, 

 it should be planted two years to hoed crops 

 previous to setting tlie plants. The previous 

 cultivation will also clear the ground from 

 the worst pe.st of tills plant, the white grub. 



He could not saj' too much for drainage. It 

 not only caused better crops but the fruit was 

 about four days earUer. Mulching for protection 

 in winter did not seem to be necessary in Maine 

 where the snow lay on the ground all winter, but 

 in Connecticut he applied about two tons of poor 

 hay per acre. After taking off one crop, he 

 plowed at once, alternating some other crop be- 

 fore again setting it to Strawberries. He pre- 

 ferred getting one great crop of fine berries to 

 running a bed two oi- thive years, lighting weeds 

 constantly, and getting inferior fruit. He at- 

 tached great iraiJortiince to selecting go<.>d plants 

 fi'om vigorous stocli for setting. Poor plants 

 from old beds will tend to run a variety out. 



For market, he recommended se\'ei-al varieties, 

 but seemed to favor the Crescent and Jewell. 

 The Crescent succeeds evei'.vwhei*e, but the Jewell 

 requires deep, strong soil, and was afiapted to hill 

 culture. Before buying new varieties U) any ex- 

 tent, he would ad\ise first buying a dozen plants 

 of a kind to test them. 



The secret of Mr. Augur's success in fruit cul- 

 ture could be easily .seen in this lecture. It is 

 thoroughness. A man like Mr. Augur, on land 

 that has l)een thoroughly undeidi'ained, sub- 

 soiled to the depth of twenty inches, manured at 

 the rate of twenty-five cords to the aci'e, and 

 kept free from weeds, must necessarily obt^iiu a 

 heavy crop. His Jewells, set 18x30 inches, had 

 averaged a quart to a plant. In rei>ly to a ques- 

 tion about tall planting, he said if he set plants 

 in the fall he should remove the blossoms the 

 ne.xt season and allow no fruit until the year after. 



Mr. Dunbar had an experience of thirty years 

 in the culture of Plums. Hissoil was moist clay, 

 but with g(Kid natural drainage. But Plums suc- 

 ceed as well on dilteient soils. It i-equires to be 

 well fed. It will not stand neglect. He attrib- 

 uted most of the failures with this fruit to this 

 cau,se. Hen manure and manure from the hog- 

 pen are as good as any. The Ijest place for the 

 Plum is in a henyard. As it requires clean culti- 

 vation, not doing well in grass, a henyard seems 

 to be just the place for it. Besides the hens are 

 the Ijest protection against the curculio, the 

 worst pest of this fruit. He attributed his own 

 success with Plums to thus growing them. 



The black knot had troubled him considerably. 

 While no sure remedy had been discovered, he 

 found by applying manure liberally to a tree 



where he saw signs of the black knot, it gave the 

 tree a thrifty growth, and had a temlency to 

 check its ravages. By this means he had not lost 

 a tree for fourteen years. The varieties which 

 had done the best with Mr. Dunbar were the 

 Lonibaitl, Imi)erial Gage, Hradshaw, Niagara and 

 Wheat. From what he had seen of the Niagara, 

 he was favorably impressed with it. 



Mr. Augur endorsed what Mr. Dunbar said in 

 favor of the Niagara. It seemed hardy, prolific 

 and free from black knot. Mr. Augur also rec- 

 ommended the German Prune, Pond's seedling 

 and Quackenboss as quite free from black knot. 

 Shropshii'e Damson is excellent for pre8er\'ing, 

 but like Lombai'd, vots in a hot, moist season. 



Bavery is an excellent dessert variety, but this 

 tree is much troubled with black knot. The 

 Lombard requires twice as much sugar for pie- 

 serving lus the German Prune. The McLaughlin, 

 which originated at Bangor, was favorably 

 spoken of by all as a des.sert. fruit. 



The Raspberry and its Culture. 



[Extract from prize essay by Mr. A.N. 'Wilcox, before 

 the Minnesota Horticultural .Society.} 



Species, Blacl<cap {Rnhus ocoUlciitalisl 

 European Red (ii«/ji(.« Idaeus), Native Wild 

 Red [Riihiis atrujoswi). 



The fii'st of these species includes all our native 

 Blackcaps, whether black, purple or white. They 

 j>roi)agate them.selves by rooting the tijjs of the 

 branches of the current season's growth. The 

 other species named i)erpetuate themselves from 

 root cuttings or suckei-s. There is a small class 

 of Hybrids between these two, which may be 

 produced by either tii) rooting or suckering. (Jf 

 these the Caroline alone is worthy of cultivation. 

 The common name of Kaspberry is derived from 

 the Italian rosy, probably because of the rough- 

 ness of the wood. The name "Hasps" is still used 

 in Scotland. 



The lie-st vaiietiesof blackcaps for geiieral cul- 

 tivation in this climate are the Tyler or Souhe- 

 gan for early, and the t)hio and Maiumoth Clus- 

 ter for late l)erries. Doolittle is gtiod when 

 young, but lo.ses productiveness with old age. 



With a desii'able location and adequate wintii' 

 protection, the more tender Gregg or Hilborn, 

 or Shaffer's (^^olossai, will amply reward the extra 

 pains its cultivation requires. Of the red kinii, 

 I would place the Turner at the head of the list, 

 followed in the older named by the Cuthbert, 

 Marlboi'o, Brandywine, Thwack and Philadel- 

 phia. (Jf these, the Turner I would alone lec- 

 oramend for general use. 



Caltore, Kaspberries will thrive on almost any 

 well drained soil of moderate lichness, but wet 

 land is alwa.vs injurious and often fatal to them. 

 Harrow smooth and fine and plant deep. Plant 

 in late fall or early spring, in straight rows, seven 

 feet apai't, with bushes three feet a|>art in the 

 row. If jiianted late in the siiring, tender shoots 

 are liable to iitaid future growth. For the first 

 seiusoii give clean culture, and, if desirable, other 

 croiw may begrown among them withoutinjuiy. 



When the time for picking ariives, gather as 

 often as once in two days, and pack directly in 

 the boxes in the field when picked. For black 

 caps, u.se quart boxes and Ifi quai-t cases; and for 

 led, pint boxes and 24 pint cases, and market as 

 soon as practicable after picking, as they are 

 ne\ er better than when fresh from the bushes. 

 Crates will cost with boxes 13 or 14 cents each. 



Pruning. Pinch back between two and three 

 feet high to increase the growth of lateral 

 branches, and stop cultivation in season to hai-den 

 the wood before freezing weathei-. In spring 

 prune laterals to one foot in length, and if in- 

 jured cut back to sound wood. As soon as con- 

 venient after the bearing season is over, cut out 

 all the old wood and the new shoots to four oi- 

 five in each hill, always bearing in mind that all 

 HaspbeiTies are perennial and that we must lay 

 the foundation for the next season's cinp, by se- 

 cui-ing a vigorous growth of healthy shoots at 

 this time. Besides, careful pruning will gi'Ciitly 

 as.sistinthe afterculture and wiuter protection. 



Winter Covering; Mulching. Take no risk of 

 losing a crop b> wiuter killing, where they can 

 be so easily sa\cd by covering. Cover the siuue 

 as the Blackberr>'. We cover by removing sev- 

 eral inches of earth fivjm one side of the hill, so 

 that the plants may be bent over at the 

 roots, and thus cover the whole i)lant with 

 earth. This must not be done until as near freez- 

 ing weather as possible, and sh(mid be removed 

 early in the spring. After lifting them in the 

 spring, cultivate shallow but thoroughly. The 

 best mulch to guard against drought is three or 



four implies of fine, loose, ficciuently stiiTed soil. 

 No bi'anch of horticuitui-e pays better for a 

 series of years than Kaspberries, as they are a 

 ccmiparatively sure cro(i,besi<lcs always bringing 

 a fail' market priirc, as their soft natural condi- 

 tion and rapid det-erittration pre\'ents our south- 

 ern neighboi's from tilling our markets with hun- 

 di-eds of carloads in a .season, as they often do 

 with the firmer Sti-awberrics and Gi-apes. 



Celery Culture. 



[I^esident W. W. Rawson at the inretingof the Boston 

 Market Gardeners' Associattoti. DiscHssion.\ 



For general crop seed is sown in April 

 under glass. [The course was detailed on 

 page 17t), May issue.] Alxmt June 1 the 

 plants will be ready for transiilanting. The 

 rows in tlie field are set four to five or six 

 feet apart, and the plants at ten or twelve 

 inches apart in the row, usually among the 

 growing crops of early Onions, Beets, etc. 



The blight is a disease affecting this crop seri- 

 ously, and seems to be the result both of severe 

 drought and of heav.v i"ain. The ends of the 

 leaves appear spotted, then the stems turn yellow, 

 and often the plant is worthless. Blighted Celeiy 

 will always be found to have sickly roots, and 

 the cause of the disease is thought to be a check 

 (»f growth either by severe drought or veiy heavy 

 rain. Did not think much could be done to save 

 Celery when badly blighted, but when tti'st begin- 

 ning to blight he would till it and cnricli the land. 

 If dry then plow up tf) it and water; if wet, plow 

 from it and manure with fine compost or good 

 fertilizer. He would not ijhjw in manure in 

 summer before setting Celery as a second crop 

 after (Aibbage or Beets. 



Banking for early market begins early in 

 August, and at this warm sea.son the Celeiy will 

 bleach in ten days after banking. The portion 

 for marketing before Thanksgiving is banked 

 latc^ in September, and for late keeping aftei' the 

 middle ()f October. In cool weather it takes 

 three or four weeks to bleach it. The Arlington 

 variety will bleach a week or two (piicker than 

 the Boston Market. These are the two kinds 

 grown for our market almost exclusively. The 

 Arlington \ ariety will grow (luicker, on poorer 

 soil, and make more boxes to the acre than the 

 Bf)ston Market, and is considered the more prof- 

 itable vai'iety to gnjw. 



In putting up Celery for market on a large 

 scale, each man will dig and clean and wash from 

 three to five boxes per day, where the Celeiy is 

 good and they know how to do it. The cost of 

 getting it ready, thci-efore, is ab*uit fifty cents 

 per box, and the cost of growing, ail told, not 

 far from fifty cents a dozen. 



The Celery can be easily plowed out of the ri)W 

 by a skillful iilowman, turning a couple furrfiws 

 from the r<»w at cither side, and then running 

 the plow directl.\ under the row. If it is to be 

 stored in a pit for a long time the i)Utci' leaves 

 should be ti'immed otr at the pit; but if only to 

 be stored for a few wec^ks, this is not necessary. 



Salt hay and seaweed are used to cover the pits. 

 If it is desired to ripen the Celery (piickly the 

 seaweed is better; otherwise the salt hay is in-e- 

 feried. The pits ari' made twenty-four feet wide 

 with three feet rise in the miildle, and covered 

 with boards under the hay. The best teiupera- 

 tuie for a pit whei-e the Celery is kept long is 

 about :jli degi'ces. 



Mr. Kirby agi-ecd with the iiresident in regard 

 to blight. In wet weather Celery roots are neai- 

 the surface, and when dry weather follows the.V' 

 sutt'er and blight comes. He had produced blight 

 ai'tificially b.v cutting the roots with a spade. 

 The report of the Depaitment of Agriculture 

 for \mi states the blight to be caused by a fungus. 

 When he wished to keep Celery very late in 

 spring he placed the roots three inches apart in 

 the pit, with loam betwoi^n to i>revent heating. 



Mr. Derby also would not apply manui'e in 

 summer when planting Celery. Mr. JohuCrosbj', 

 however, advised manuring in summer after a 

 Cabbage crop, then plow and roll down well and 

 set the plants with a stick. Celery will sometimes 

 outgrow blight, but not always. 



Mr. Henry Allen remarked that fresh manure 

 should not be applied in summer if the Celery is 

 to be bleached in the Held. After Beets or Cab- 

 bage he would manui'c, i)low and roll, and grow 

 Celery for bleaching in the pit. 



Mr. J. W. Russell said that in order to keep 

 Celery late in Spring it i-equire<l attention; you 

 could not leave your pit to take care of itself. 

 He did not eaith it up in the pit. 



