1 888. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



20 1 



previous deptli of ciiltiviilion. He should 

 uot destroy the surface roots. He always 

 pU)\ved his vineyard in the fall, throwing 

 the furrows towards the vines, and some- 

 times plows aKain in the spring, usually 

 plows four to live inches deep. 



Mr. Kc.viiolds. A four-year old vineyard plowed 

 l)y nic in the late fall was in.iured h.v the winter, 

 a part not plowed beinfi uninjured. Preferred 

 early fall j)lowin^, s<^ ground may lie compact 

 before severe weather corae.s on. Mr. Schoen- 

 feld sjud if a large root is broken off the vines 

 will make an effort to throw out new roots to i-e- 

 pair the injiu-y. 



Planting. Mr. Watson advised to plant early. 

 Nurserymen who have to hold hack a quantit.v of 

 vines may have some reason for planting sur- 

 plus stock late, but vineyardists as a rule should 

 do their planting early, finishing the planting he- 

 fore June 1. Vines may and do hve planted in 

 June, and even in some cases July, but the 

 growth will be much less than those early 

 planted; no invariable rule can be laid dowu lor 

 Grape culture, hut all vineyards require culti- 

 vating si.x to eight times during the season. 



In planting, one of the safest, cheapest and 

 best fertilizers is ground bones. A pint t«) a \ ine 

 is none too much. 



The i»rice of (irape stakes ((Chestnut, second 

 growth) is about seven cents. Use good braces 

 ten feet long. Wire hsis gone dowu for one 

 finality to $2.:i-> per KXl lbs. 



Frnning. Mr. Hall beheved in pruning vines 

 twice the tirst year, once after the new growth 

 stiirts, and again near the close <.)f the season. 

 Mr. Bartholomew said we should aim to prune 

 so as to give all the etaTgy to the root. Advised 

 to prune young Wues back to two buds. The 

 tirst few years are the most important in the life 

 of a vineyard. The wise vine.^■ardist looks for 

 prf)tracted. rather than for immediate residts. 

 So called winter injury to vines is in most cases 

 due not to the winter, but rather the result of 

 immature iipening, induced by too late fall 

 growth. Advised the pinching off in the early 

 fall of the ends of the growing canes. This irill 

 induce lateral shoots to be thrown out, which 

 should also be pushed back. This heading back 

 develops heavier and riper fruit, and alsfi a more 

 IK'rfect ripening of the canes. This is no new 

 idea, but one e.\teiisi\ely practiced, especially in 

 Europe, where for a thousand years vine.vards 

 ha\'c borne annual crops. 1 know of \ineyards 

 not twenty-fl\e years old that show unmistakable 

 signs of decay. 



Mr. Sehoenfeld ad\1sed to cut back to two or 

 three buds \ines planted the spring Ix'fore. Al- 

 low two or three canes only to grow, having 

 them all gr<jw in one direction. They can at 

 lii-st be kept in plaei' by little sticks, and after 

 they are older the tendrils fastening to the other 



A Home-made Evaporator. 



vine will hold each in place. Keep clean and 

 cultivate often. This is all the care needed the 

 second year. 



In answer to the question. Which is better, to 

 leave one bud on each of three canes, or three 

 buds on one cane, Mr. Sehoenfeld said it docs not 

 so much matter just where on the vines the canes 

 are located, as that you have the canes. The 

 vine, above all other plants, will adapt it.self to 

 the desires of the grower. The quality (if bi-ead 

 is not fl.xed by the shape of the loaf. For the 

 purpose of economical and rapid pruning it is 



better to leave three buds on one cane than one 

 bud each on three canes. 



Mr. Watson said the well nigh universal prac- 

 tice is to leave three buds on each vine the 

 spring following that in which the vine was 

 planted. Owing to the danger of the' wind break- 

 ing oir the new growlli. on strong, healthy vine- 

 yards he preferred to put up one wire the second 

 year anil fasten the young growth to that. 

 When the nuiterials, stakes and wire, were on 

 hand woidd advise this course but would not 

 advise to buy these in order to tie up on wire 

 the second year. 



The members of the society were practically 

 agreed that for those who are jaitting up vines 

 this sjiring as their first bearing year to not in 

 any case tie up but two canes three feet each. 



CONDENSED GLEANINGS. 



Do Canning Factories Pay] .V Kan.sas jour- 

 nalist recently made a tour of several factories 

 iu that State, and reports what he saw ami learned 

 as follows: At Pleasonton he found that stock- 

 holders said there was nothing in it, bvit the bus- 

 iness men told him that the comjiany hail been 

 making some money out of it, and that it was a 

 help to the town, both in furnishing emijioyment 

 for two or three months <iuring the summer and 

 in furnishing a market for such things as were 

 canned. He iUs(j learned that Isaac Stadden, of 

 Fort Scott, a wholesale groceryman, had con- 

 tracted for all the gf>ods they could can, and 

 made a large payment in advance. They lan 

 Tomatoes, Corn, Peas, Beans and Apples. They 

 had paid during the piust season 40 cents per 1(10 

 pounds for Tomatoes, TO cents iier 100 pounds for 

 Sweet Corn, with husks on, 40 cents per bushel 

 for Peas, pods and all, 40 cents per bushel for 

 Strmg Beans, and about ■£> cents per bushel for 

 Apples. At Garnettthe secretary of the canning 

 com])any informed him that it had been their 

 first year, but they would make a nice little profit. 

 He found very nice machinery, consisting of a 

 large boiler for making steam, large kettles, and 

 air-tight vats for cooking and scalding goods to 

 be canned. During the canning season 300 hands 

 were employed, mostly women, girls and boys. 

 They i)aid IS cents a bushel for Tomatoes, $7.50 

 per ton for Corn, with shuck on, 40 cents a bushel 

 for Peas and 25 cents a bushel for Ajiples. The 

 citizens thought it was a big thing for their town. 

 One farmer had planted 13 acres in Tomatoes and 

 secured tlu' neat sum of .¥(I1K) at IK cents a busliel, 

 double what his land is worth. The canning 

 company made its own cans, costing 2^ cents 

 apiece or less. At Pleasontim ${t,il()0 was invested 

 in machinery and buildings, and at Garnett $10,- 

 000. The cost of machinery for a factory of or- 

 dinary size is about $.3,n(X). 



A Home-made Evaporator. I secured a box 



two feet long, IS inches deep and two feet high, 

 making the bottom answer for a top. I removed 

 one side, cleating the pieces together near each 

 end, and put leather lunges on, fastening it to 

 the former bottom, but now the top of the con- 

 cern. At the loose cornel's, 1 nailed on an inch- 

 square strip to hold them rtrm. Inside, on each 

 of the ends I nailed half-inch strips, two inches 

 apart, as sides for the trays to run upon. The 

 trays were made of strips of half-inch stuff, one 

 inch wide, halved in at the corners and braced 

 by diagonal wires. They are covered with white 

 mosquito-netting. At the top and side furthest 

 from the door hinges, I removed a piece of the 

 top two inches wide and made a chimney two 

 inches wide, two feet long and afoot high. When 

 the evenings arc long, we all set to work at the 

 Apples, and putting a few pieces of wocxi in the 

 strive, begin Hlling the tra.vs, the lowest first. 

 As the second tra.v is prepared, the tii-st one is 

 moved up and the new one put in ne.vt to the fire, 

 until the evaporator is full. The evaporator is 

 placed on four pieces of brick, stood edge-wise 

 on the stove at the corners of the machine. The 

 Apples dr.v off the first evening to some e.xtent, 

 the following day the evaporator lifted on again, 

 by evening the fruit is readj' to put away. My 

 method of cutting Apples is to peel, and take off 

 two slices from each end. then cfire, and shce the 

 remainder to a thickness of <)ne-fourth of an inch. 

 The trays shoidd Ix' made one av two inches nar- 

 rower than the \ntx and arranged so that the hot 

 air is driven from front to rear and back again 

 as in the sketch. Thedoor hungat the tf)p should 

 l>e kept closed except when putting in or remov- 

 ing trays.— Corr. Farm and Home. 



Windbreaks. In no way is the aljsencc of our 

 forests niort' mtticeabiy felt than in the piercing, 

 biting winds of our severe winters. We cannot 



replace the olil forests, nor would we if we could. 

 Wind-breaks, if placed on the .sides toward the 

 prevailing winds will give nuiterial relief. Per- 

 haps there is no tree better adaptei) to this pur- 

 pose than the Norway Spruce. It is a vigorous 

 grower, and what is desirable, it grows tall. 

 VV'hen growing in clustei-s it presents a well-nigh 

 impenetrable barrier to the wind. S|K'cimens 

 planted in oiu- yard ten yeai's ago an> now thirty 

 feet high. For a wind-break they should l)e set 

 about four feet a|)art. Aft4'r they ha\ e attained 

 a fair growth cut out each alternate one. Where 

 a grove of deciil- 

 uous trees is de- 

 sired to shield 

 from the heat of 

 summer as well as 

 the cold of winter, 

 I would lulvise 

 plautingllasswood 

 or Linilen. It has 

 ,„ „ , a rank growth and 



VrateringCanfmPtant*. n,akes a noble 

 shade. Its bloom is a recognized source of lioney 

 and its wood is always in demand. Th(' Black 

 Walnut, Willow and (,'ottonwood have been ex- 

 tensively planted in the West. A much larger 

 areaof deciduous trees is required fiU' this pur- 

 pose than witli evergreens.— Kural Home. 



Fall Uulching Strawberries. In the fall of 

 ISS4 1 mulched one-half of a licld early or befoiT 

 hard freezing, the other one-half in the fii st days 

 of Jainiary, during a thaw that had followed a 

 very cold spell. The result was that these last 

 named showed ver.v few blossoms and no thrift; 

 f>ne ripened a few very imperfect berries scarcely 

 worth picking, while the others were as fine as I 

 ever saw. The dividing line between the two 

 mulchings was on four rows of Windsor Chief, 

 and from the two mulched in time, 1 got about 

 SO to 100 quarts i)er row, while the others did not 

 have six boxes to the row. 1 had others, among 

 them Capt. Jack, Manchester, Cumberland, viz., 

 on both sides, with the same results, wdule Cres- 

 cent Seedling came through with a fair crop, but 

 the plants were not near so thrifty. I had a 

 similar experience the year before but did not 

 know the cause imtil after this second time; anil 

 1 shall never attempt to grow berries here with- 

 out winter protection. Will say that our soil 

 here is a rich, light, sandy loam, where water 

 never stands ten houi-s on level ground after the 

 heaviest rain.— Hcnrj- Schncll, in Kural World. 



The Bose Acacia for Walls. It is not commonly 

 known what a charming effect this beautiful tree 

 has when grown against a wallortrelli.se. Its 

 lirauclies are so brittle that it can all the more be 

 recommended fi>r this inirpose. 1 once saw a 

 Uose Acacia in full bloom in early summer 

 against a wall, which it covered, and thought 

 that I had never before seen a wall clothed so 

 beautifully. The racemes have the same droop- 

 ing habit as those of the Wistaria, but their color 

 is more pleasing and less common. This Uobinia 

 flowers much earlier when planted against a 

 warm wall than it does when grown as a stiindard. 

 If a large space on a wall cannot lie afforded, 

 then the Uose Acacia may be advantageously 

 planted against a projecting buttre.ss, which it 

 will adorn in a charming way, and may lie kept 

 within bounds by hard pruning. This is out; of 

 the many hard.v flowering shrubs suitable for 

 covering walls, and full advantage is ccitainly 

 not taken of it. The Uose Acacia is a common 

 shrub in tive nui*scries, and is inexpensive. 

 There arc few varieties of it. - London Garden. 



Water Can for House Plants. I want to tell 

 .vou how we water our house plants in the bay 

 window. I took a .small tin pad and had a small 

 tin tube soldered on close to the bottom, to ex- 

 tend out parallel with the bottom, then took 

 about two feet of one-quarter inch rubber tulie 

 drawn tightly on the tin spout (total cost twenty 

 cents), then with the pail in one hand and the end 

 of the tulx- in the other, pinching the tube to 

 stop the flow, to go from one pot to another, ciui 

 reach all the plants with eiuse, and with less dan- 

 ger of breaking them, and with a little practice 

 can hold the pail a little higher to make the pres- 

 sure and spray the foliage equal to a rose on a 

 garden plot.— (_'orr. \'ick's Magazine. 



Herbs for General Use. In planting Ik' guided 

 by the requirements of the liousehoid. The fol- 

 lowing herbs are tho.sc> most generall.v u.sed, and 

 a moderate .stock of each should lut planted in 

 the Brst instance, namely, Basil, <'urled Chervil, 

 Fennel, Hyssop, sweet and [Kit Marjoram, Mint, 

 Sage, Winter and Summer Savory, Sorrel and 

 Thyme. The whole of these, with the exception 



